Index
Abeille, Louis-Paul 34
Academie de Bordeaux 24
Academie de Chirurgie 28
Academie de Grenoble 174
Academie des Sciences 28, 42, 83
Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques 164, 234, 247
Academie Franρaise 24, 83
Accademia dei Lincei 498, 602
Acta Borussica 275
Adam Smith Society 323
Adams, Henry Brooks 374
Addington, Henry 95
Aftalion, Albert 443-4 agriculture 13-14, 21, 29-30, 32-4, 55, 131,
168, 177, 225, 256, 395, 427, 471, 543, 547, 549, 750-51
crises 14
investment in 76
production/productivity 14, 30, 75-7, 153-4,
263
product cycles 599
spatial models of 159
surplus 54
rural 374
urban 161
Akerlof, George 737-41, 746
Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism (2009) 737 theories of
asymmetric information 737 code equilibria 737-8 identity component in utility 737-8 macroeconomic negative consequences of norms 737-9
used car model of 737-8
Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’ 28, 83-5
Encyclopedie ou dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers 28, 73, 83 Algeria
Algiers 215
Allais, Maurice 337, 642-3, 645, 677, 698-9
A la recherche d’une discipline economique 642, 699
Economie et interet (1947) 642, 645-6
role in development of general equilibrium models 643
role in development of welfare economics
644
theory of business cycle 646
Traite d’economiepure (1943) 642-5, 699 Allen, Roy 623
Allende, Salvador 649 allocation theory 364, 635
welfare-theoretic approach to 365
Althoff, Friedrich 272
American Academy 602
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
498
American Council of Learned Societies
498
American Economic Association (AEA) 321, 367, 410, 446, 501, 523, 525, 619, 651
Francis A.
Walker Medal 498John Bates Clark Medal 676, 714
Richard Ely Lecture 593
American Statistical Association 411, 419, 446
Amherst College 320-21, 741 Amoroso, Luigi 337, 622 Ampere, Andre-Marie 174
Ancient Greece 50
Ancient Rome 24-5, 49, 51, 80
Anderson, James
Observations on the Means of Exciting a
Spirit of National Industry (1777) 98 Annuaire de l’economie politique et de la statistique 234
Anti-Corn Laws League 171
Aoyama Gakuin University 725
The Apostles 470 applied economics 250, 253, 256-7, 259, 325, 393, 604, 662
Pareto’s law 329-30, 337 Arbetarfδreningen (Workers’ Association) 348 arbitrary functions 179
Archiv fur mathematische Wirtschafts- und Sozialforschung 621
Archiv fur soziale Gesetzgebung und Statistik 394
Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik
394
Aristotle 284, 286, 291, 514, 518 Nicomachean Ethics 79, 312 Politics 90
Arrow, Kenneth Joseph 84, 91-2, 523, 557, 581, 602-3, 690, 694-6, 702, 728-30, 741
Arrow-Debreu model of general equilibrium 408, 510, 690, 693-5, 700-701, 703
Collective Choice and Social Welfare 728 impossibility theorem of social choice theory 91, 690-93, 729
revealed preference theory 695
Social Choice and Individual Values (1951) 728
Aspromourgos, T.
6, 8, 548Assemblee Legislative 83
Athenee 114
Aubrey, John 7
Augustine of Hippo, St. 10
Auspitz, Rudolf 290, 412, 435
Investigations on the Theory of Price (1889) 410
Australia 153, 263
Sydney 262
Austria 273, 485
Christian-Democrat Party 485
Graz 484-5
Salzburg 363
Vienna 268, 277, 283, 341, 348, 351, 363, 395-6, 408, 419, 446, 503, 559
Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research 558-9
Austrian School of Economics 275, 283, 363, 365, 484, 548
Austro-Hungarian Empire 503
Brunn (Brno) 341
Prague 283
Bachelier, Louis 436-8
Le jeu, la chance et le hazard 438
principle of independence 436-7
principle of uniformity 437
Bacon, Francis 5, 7
Bagehot, Walter 242
banking reform proposals 242-3
Economic Studies (1880) 242
The English Constitution (1867) 242
Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market (1873) 242
Bakunin, Michail 212
balance of payments 21-2, 127, 243, 263, 341, 625-6, 752
deficit in 105, 629
influence of currency exchange rate on
578
monetary approach to 50
Bangladesh
Famine (1974) 730
Bank of England 22, 104-5, 120, 122, 149, 243, 459
personnel of 104
Banking School 63, 104, 242, 257
Baran, Paul A. 229
Baring, Francis 243
Barna, Tibor 628
Barnard, T.C. 8
Barone, Enrico 327, 337, 367-8, 370, 388-90, 410, 412
Essay on the Coordination of the Laws of Distribution (1894) 389
“Il Ministro della Produzione nello Stato Collettivista” (1908) 337, 389
Bastiat, Frederic 171, 194, 237, 287
Les harmonies economiques 171
theory of labour 172
Baudeau, Nicolas 34
Baudrillart, Henri 181
Bauer, Bruno 211
Bavarian Academy of Sciences 206
Bayle, Pierre 10
Beard, Charles Austin 377
Beckerath, Erwin von 621 behavioural economics 640, 669, 671
social preferences 270
Belgium 213, 238
Adinkerque 237
Antwerp 237
Brussels 16, 212-13
Liege 237
Benini, Rudolfo 337
Bennington College 503
Bentham, Jeremy 95-6, 114, 187, 196, 280, 317, 662
Defence of Usury (1787) 96, 99
essays of 96
Fragment on Government (1776) 98 greatest happiness principle (GHP) 95, 99 An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1780) 95, 98-9
Manuel d’economiepolitique 96-8, 99
Projet d’un corps de loix complet a l’usage d’un pays quelconque 98
A Protest against Law Taxes 96-7
Surs les prix 96-7
Theorie des peines et des recompenses (1811) 96, 98
Traites de legislation civile et penale (1802) 98
Writings on Political Economy 95 Berdyaev, N.A.
400Bergson, Abram (Abram Burk) 655, 658, 691 concept of marginal rate of income substitution (MRIS) 656
Bergson, Henri 488
Berlyne, Daniel E. 639-40
Bernoulli, Daniel 40-42, 44-6, 174, 326,
644
Bernoulli’s hypothesis 44-5
Exercitationes Quaedam Mathematicae (Mathematical Exercises') 41-2
Hydrodynamica (1738) 42, 46
Saint Petersburg Paradox 42-3
“Specimen Theoriae Novae de Mensura Sortis” (“Proposal of a new theory of the measure of chance”) 42 Bernoulli, Jakob 41,43, 88
Ars Conjectandi 40-41, 86
Bernoulli, Johann 40-41
Bernoulli, Niklaus 40
Bernoulli, Nikolaus 40-43
Dissertatio inauguralis mathematico- juridica de usu artis conjectandi in jure 41, 86
Bertrand, Joseph 178
Besant, Annie 348
Besicovitch, Abram S. 535, 542
Beveridge, William
Beveridge Report (1944) 628
Bharadwaj, Krishna 140, 3θ7
Bibliotheque de l,hommepublic 83
Bicquilley, Charles-Franρois de
Theorie elementaire du commerce 86
Biedermann-Bank 485
Bismarck, Otto von 268 Black, Duncan 84, 691 Blackstone, William 144
Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-69)98
Blanqui, Jerome-Adolphe 146
Blaug, Mark 140
Boccardo, Gerolamo 248
Bohm, Franz 508
Bδhm-Bawerk, Eugen von 76, 139, 216, 292, 341, 343-5, 347, 355, 363, 410, 415, 422, 444, 464, 484, 488, 516, 536, 557, 634, 663, 726
Kapital und Kapitalizins (1880) 341
Positive Theory of Capital (1889) 342, 348, 422
temporal capital theory of 342-3, 354, 421, 428, 560
theory of interest 404
“Zum Abschluβ des Marxchen Systems” (1886) 227
Boisguilbert, Pierre le Pesant de 9-15, 76
Dissertation de la nature des richesses, de l’argent et des tributs 99
Dixme Royale 9
Le Detail de la France (1695) 9
Traite de la nature, culture, commerce et interet des grains 9
Bolivia 451
Bonald, Louis de 164
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon 164, 192, 237 Bonaparte, Napoleon 120, 121, 145
coup d’etat (1799) 114
Bonn University 211,485
Bonnot de Condillac, Etienne, see Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de
Bonnot de Mably, Gabriel, see Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de
Boody, Elizabeth 490-91
Bordeaux Faculty of Law 24
Bordin, Arrigo 337 Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus von 139, 223, 227, 248, 344,617
critiques made by 419-28
Das Gesetz der kleinen Zahlen (The Law of Small Numbers) (1898) 420
theory of interest/profits 421-2 Boukharin, Nikolai
Economic Theory of the Leisure Class (1927) 227
Boulding, Kenneth 500, 514
Bowley, Arthur 298 Braun-Stammfest, Rudolf-Maria 485
Breit, Marek 611
Brentano, Ludwig Joseph (Lujo) 272-3, 277, 395, 514
Bretton Woods Conference (1944) 470, 481-2, 530, 653
Brewer, A.
75British Association 265
Section F 263, 315
British Economic Association (BEA) 367
Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 400-401
Brown, Cary 660
Brown, Henry Phelps 596
Brown University 320, 685
Brownian motion 438
development of 438
Bryan, William Jennings 449
Brydges, James 19 Buchanan, James M. 682-4
The Calculus of Consent (1962) 683
The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan 683
Buddhism 1
The Budget 153
Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de 43-4
“Essai d’arithmetique morale” 43
Bulgakov, S.N. 400
Bulgaria 443
Bullion Controversy 127
Bund der Kommunisten (the Communist League) 213
Burke, Edmund 470
Thoughts and Details on Scarcity (1795) 98 Burns, Arthur F. 446
Bush, George W. 753
business cycle theory 234-5, 358, 406, 408-9, 440, 443-4, 447, 452, 455, 536, 558, 569, 583, 599, 686, 744
analysis 400-401, 444
endogenous 441
equilibrium approach to 515-16 macroeconomic model of 599 Mises-Wicksell theory of 559 monetary theory of 646 phases of 446 political 568
Byzantine Empire 396
Calvinism 40
Cambridge-Cambridge controversy 666, 742 Cambridge University 107, 295, 351, 359, 469, 475, 532, 578, 602, 638, 741
Christ’s College 625
Churchill College 691
Department of Applied Economics 626 Faculty of Economics and Politics 281 King’s College 468, 470, 534, 587, 593, 613, 628
Magdalene College 587
Newnham College 295, 468
St John’s College 311
Trinity College 280, 458, 536-7, 587, 728 cameralism 205, 291
German 55
Canada 18
Kingston 721
Montreal 568
Canard, Nicolas-Franρois
Principes d’economie politique 86
Cannan, Edwin 60, 534
Cantillon, Richard 16-17, 19, 22-3, 73, 81 analysis of monetary economy 21-2
Cantillon Effect 22
Essai sur la nature du commerce en general 20 landed estate economic model of 20
focus on entrepreneurs 20-21 capital/capital theory 33, 61-2, 64, 69, 75, 77,
97, 116, 129-30, 135, 151, 213, 221,253, 329, 341-2, 350, 354, 356, 382, 416, 419, 421,484, 498, 500, 509, 548, 560, 572, 592, 603-5, 617, 623, 664, 677, 714-15, 721-2 accumulation of 62, 67, 76, 126, 132, 137-8, 159, 223-4, 229, 480, 750
circulating 33-4, 252
coefficient 577
constant 222
conversion of revenue to 112
demand 345
financial 401
fixed 33, 152, 423-5, 433
flows 678
formation of 160, 326
goods 160, 420, 441, 444, 516, 606 heterogeneous 160, 742
human 44, 160, 168, 549, 650
inflows 21
invested 238
marginal efficiency of 416
marginal productivity of 357, 422
markets 238, 611, 746
money 33
national 115
neoclassical 359, 666
non-wage 152
original 227
physical 601
private ownership of 274
real 162, 479
replacement cost of 675, 678
returns on 30, 161, 479
services 354
Solow model of 343
supply of 345, 512
transfers 105
variable 222, 427
capital asset pricing model (CAPM) 679 capitalism 6, 9, 125, 130, 145, 193, 226, 228-9, 320-21, 375, 391, 394, 396, 399, 402, 440, 465-6, 485, 487-8, 490, 493, 544, 559, 570, 573, 611, 632, 663
agrarian 392, 396
anarcho- 464
development 489, 493-4
entrepreneurial 493
evolution of 687-8, 750
liberal 65
production relations 212, 221
Caritat de Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine- Nicolas, see Condorcet, Marie-Jean- Antoine-Nicolas Caritat de
Carleton College 320
Carlyle, Thomas 144, 187
Carnegie Foundation 528 Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) 673, 718
Graduate School of Industrial
Administration (GSIA) 669
School of Urban and Public Affairs 669 Cassel, Gustav 342, 344, 349, 351, 357, 404-9, 506, 527, 603, 707
business cycle theory of 406-7
In the Service of Reason (1940-41) 405
The Nature and Necessity of Interest (1903) 404
purchasing power parity (PPP) theory 408
Sozialokonomie (1918) 407, 408
Theory of Social Economy (1918) 404, 407, 634
The World’s Monetary Problems (1921) 405 Catholicism 196-7
Immaculate Conception 349
Irish 19
Spanish 40
Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) 599
Central School of Planning and Statistics 569 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 642, 698
Chamberlin, Edward Hastings 552-4, 570, 575, 744
The Theory of Monopolistic Competition (1933) 552-5, 748
Chamfort, Sebastien-Roch de 114 Chamillart, Michel 9
Champernowne, David Gawen 338, 626 Chandos, Duke of 19
Chapman, Sydney 280
Charasoff, Georg von 617
Charles II, King 5
Cherbuliez, Antoine-Elisee 200
Chicago School of Economics 498, 554, 649, 659
Child, Josiah 73
Chile 451, 649
China, People’s Republic of 1, 396, 632, 665
China, Republic of 617
Chipman, John 337
choice theory
development of 331
Christaller, Walter 162
Christian-Social Party 268
Christianity 40, 66, 78, 281, 506, 514
Bible 347
New Testament 7
Lutheran 347
Churchill, Winston 596
Clark, E.A.
268Clark, Gregory 504
Clark, John Bates 322, 342, 351, 422, 444, 594
Christianity and Modern Economics (1887)
320
The Control of Trusts (1901) 321
The Distribution of Wealth. A Theory of Wages, Interest and Profits (1899) 320-21
The Essentials of Economic Theory (1907) 321
The Philosophy of Wealth (1886) 320 Claviere, Etienne 114
Clearing Union 481-2 Clinton, Bill 745 closed economy 721-2 models of 157-8
Club of German Communists 203
Coase, Ronald Harry 633 Coase theorem 631-2 “How should economists choose?” (1982) 632
“The lighthouse in economics” (1974)
632
“The nature of the firm” (1937) 631
“The problem of social cost” (1960) 631 Cobb, Charles 352 Cobden, Richard 171 Cohn, Gustav 277
Cole, G.D.H.
Guild Socialism 503 College de France 114 College de Navarre 83 College of Juilly 24 College of Surgery of Saint-Come 28 Colm, Gerhard 515, 524 Colombia 451
Columbia University 321-2, 446, 558, 578, 690, 693, 714
commodities 7, 11-12, 20, 25-6, 36, 55, 62-3,
80-81, 102, 110-12, 121, 123, 125, 129-37, 148, 151, 175-6, 194, 215-24, 238, 247, 249-53, 256-7, 264, 281,289, 302-3, 305, 312, 407, 412-13, 416, 423, 426-7, 431-2, 449-50, 465, 504, 510, 531, 538-9, 543-5, 593, 617, 655, 694, 706-7, 730 composite 152, 543 connected 372 contradictions of 218-19 exchange values of 215 market 21, 469, 471 prices of 52, 60-61, 69, 77, 116, 126, 128, 138, 171, 179, 190, 292, 423-5, 546-9, 578, 629, 643
equilibrium 251 rate of interest 540-42 supply and demand
curves 537 functions for 68 trading 392-3
Commons, John Roger 168
communism 197, 745
Marxian 257
Communistisches Korrespondenz-Kommittee (Communist Correspondence Committee) 213
competitive price theory 499-500 Comte, Charles 96, 164, 171, 192-3
Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de 28, 73
Le commerce et le gouvernement consideres relativement l’un a l’autre (1776) 81,98
Traite des sensations (1754) 78
Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas
Caritat de 37, 74, 77, 83-92, 108, 729 “Condorcet effect” 91-2
Elements du calcul desprobabilites 86 Esquisse d’un tableau historique desprogres de l’esprit humain (1795) 84
Essai sur l’application de l’analyse a la probabilite des decisions rendues a la pluralite des voix (1785) 83, 86, 89, 91
Essai sur la constitution et les fonctions des assemblees provinciales (1788) 83
Lettres d’un bourgeois de New Haven a un citoyen de Virginie, sur l’utilite de partager le pouvoir legislatif entre plusieurs corps (1788) 83 jury theorem 90-91
Reflexions sur le commerce des bles (1776) 83
Sur la forme des elections (1789) 83
Tableau historique des progres de l’esprit humain 84
theory of taxation 87-9
Vie de Voltaire (1789) 83
Vie de M.
Turgot (1786) 74, 83Congres international de l’impot (International Congress on Taxes) (1860) 246, 254
Conrad, Johannes 274
Conseil des Cinq-Cents
Legislative Committee 114 Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers 114 Constant, Benjamin 115 constitutional economics 682-4 consumer theory 326-7, 662, 695
pure theory in 337 Convention Nationale 83
Cooper Union Forum 322 cooperative equilibrium 177 cooperatives 246-7
credit 203
Coquelin, Charles 240-41
Cornell University 374, 377, 449 cost theory 499-501, 621
agency 292
alternative/opportunity 498
production 161
Cournot, Antoine-Augustin 174-6, 178-9, 181,
190, 290, 434, 553, 622
Essai sur les fondements de nos connaissances (1851) 174-5
Exposition de la theorie des chances et des probabilites (1843) 174
Principes de la theorie des richesses (1863) 174
Recherches sur les principes mathematiques de la theorie des richesses (1838) 174-5, 178, 200, 248
theory of consumption 431, 434
theory of “Loi du debit” 176-7
Traite de l’enchainement des idees fondamentales dans les sciences et dans l’histoire (1861) 174-5
Traite elementaire de la theorie des fonctions et du calcul infinitesimal (1841) 174 Cowles Commission for Research in
Economics 447, 520, 524-5, 619, 676, 691, 698, 706, 736
Cowles Foundation for Economic Research
671
Cramer, Gabriel 43-4 credit 204, 257-8, 357, 376, 401, 458, 464-5 bank 22
bubble 411
commercial 459
creation of 506
economy 204
paper 104
public 51
rationing 105
risks 104
systems of 97
Credit School 104 crises 16-17, 117, 149, 154, 204, 242, 258-9,
360, 379, 399-400, 440, 443-4, 447,
458-60, 493, 514, 568, 638, 679, 688, 746, 752
agricultural 13-14
commercial 235, 262, 459
credit 243
sales 208
theories of 224
Crispi, Francesco 367
Cromwell, Oliver 5
Currency School 149, 154
Czech Republic 484
Dahlberg, A.O. 672
Daire, Eugene 74
D’Alessandro, S. 131
Darwin, Charles 263, 273, 347
Darwin, George 263
Dauphin, Jeanne-Catherine 28
Davidson, David 347, 350, 357
Debreu, Gerard 510, 581, 603, 691-3, 698-9, 702-4
Arrow-Debreu model of general equilibrium 408, 510, 690, 693-5, 700-701, 703
Theory of Value (1959) 698, 700-701 debt 411-12, 450, 459, 473, 480, 541, 570, 666, 686-8
debt-deflation relationship 687 government 18 interest on 26 national 122-3, 573 private 485, 558, 668 public 26, 51, 84, 242, 255, 258, 345, 380, 579, 676
deflation 350, 356, 360, 405, 411-12, 414, 460,
472-3, 475, 527, 570, 629
cumulative 358
debt-deflation relationship 687 global 460
Delbruck, Rudolf 273
demand and supply 96, 116-17, 123, 190,
250
Hicksian theory of 707
King-Davenant law 266, 313 partial equilibrium analysis of 312
Say’s Law 117, 133, 145, 234, 401,405, 407, 569, 666, 706, 714
opposition to 208, 610
supply curve 304-5, 312
demand economy 568-9
demand function
inverse 177-8
Dempsey, Bernard 486
Denmark
Copenhagen 348
De Viti de Marco, Antonio 368, 379-80
I primiprincipι dell’economia finanziaria
(1928) 380
II carattere teorico dell’economia finanziaria
(1888) 379
Principι di economia finanziaria (1934) 380 use of marginal analysis 380
De Vivo, Giancarlo 140
De Witt, Jan 86
Der Osterreichische Volkswirt (The Austrian
Economist) 503
Der Volkswirt 485
Desmarets, Nicolas 9
Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher 212
The Dial 377
Diamond, Peter 745
Diderot, Denis 28, 83
Encyclopedie ou dictionnaire raisonne des sciences, des arts et des metiers 28, 73, 83
Dilthey, Wilhelm 275
Director, Aaron 658
Dissenting Academy 107 distribution theory 321 unit costs 327
Divisia, Franρois 642
Dixit, Avinash K. 552, 741, 744
Dixit-Stiglitz partial equilibrium model of monopolistic competition 744-5, 748 Dmitriev, Vladimir Karpovich 139, 227, 423, 431-2, 617
Economic Essays. First Series: Attempt at an Organic Synthesis of the Labour Theory of Value and the Theory of Marginal Utility 431-3
theory of profit and production 432-4 Dobb, Maurice H. 139, 535-6, 638
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge (Lewis Carroll) 84 Domar, Evsey 714
Domat, Jean 10-11
Dornbusch, Rudiger 748
Douglas, Paul 352, 685
Drysdale, George
Elements of Social Science (1878) 347
Du Tot, Nicolas 16
Duclos, Charles Pinot 28
Duke University 290
Dumont, Etienne 96-8
Dunoyer de Segonzac, Barthelemy-Charles 96, 115, 164-5, 171,239
duopoly 175-9, 553, 614
supply 622
Dupont, Pierre-Samuel 27, 34, 37, 74-5
Physiocratie, ou constitution naturelle du gouvernement leplus avantageux au genre humain 35
Dupuit, Jules 181-2
analysis of utility 181-3
Dussard, Hippolyte 74
Dutch Academy of Science 273
East India Company 104
Easterlin, Richard 640
Eatwell, John 140
Eccles, Marriner 634
Eckhardt, Julius 274
Ecole de Droit 164
Ecole de Lausanne 260
Ecole des Mines 642
Ecole des Ponts 181
Ecole Normale 174, 245
Ecole Polytechnique 642
Ecole royale des Ponts et Chaussees 101 Econometrica 518
Econometrics Society 411,486, 519, 524-5, 605, 676, 698, 712, 725
Constitution of 519
establishment of (1930) 518
First World Congress of (1965) 519
Economic Journal 315, 363-4, 455, 534, 600, 605, 648
Edgeworth, Francis Ysidro 248, 263-4, 298, 312-13, 315, 317-19, 330, 337, 367, 382, 389, 410, 412, 421,462, 484, 534, 548, 575, 699, 702
“Edgeworth box” 315
Mathematical Psychics: An Essay on the Application of Mathematics to the Moral Sciences 265, 298, 315, 317
Metretike: or the Method of Measuring
Probability and Utility (1887) 315
New and Old Methods of Ethics (1877)
317
trading theory of 315-18 Edgeworth, Maria 140, 178-9 Edinburgh Encyclopedia 144-5 Edinburgh Review 59, 109, 144 ¾ypt
Cairo 484
Elmer, Olaf 691
Ely, Richard T.
Outlines of Economics (1893) 670
Empson, William 107
Encyclopedie des Sciences Mathematiques
Pures et Appliques 330
Encyclopedie methodique 86
Engel, Ernst 274
Engels, Friedrich 204, 214-15, 226, 426
The Communist Manifesto 213
Die deutsche Ideologie (The German
Ideology) (1845-6) 212
Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England (1845) 204
“Umrisse zu einer Kritik der
Nationalokonomie” (“Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy”) 212
Englander, Oskar 162
Enlightenment 36
French 10, 83 entrepreneurship 20-21, 29-30, 203, 292, 365, 464, 466, 499, 648
Ephemerides du citoyen 35
Etats Generaux du Royaume 83 Eucken, Walter 506-8, 621
Die Grundlagen der Nationalokonomie (1940) 507
“Kredit und Konjunktur” (1929) 506
Kritische Betrachtungen zum deutschen Geldproblem (1923) 506
“Staatliche Strukturwandlungen und die Krise des Kapitalismus” 506
Euler, Leonhard 42
Euler’s theorem 311
European Central Bank 415, 653
European Monetary Union (EMU) 521, 653,
723
European Union (EU) 629
exchange rates 104-5, 217, 451,459-60, 462,
471,473, 481, 578, 625-6, 653 determination 408 fixing of 405, 475 purchasing power theory of 127 variations 443
Faccarello, Gilbert 9, 11, 14, 36-7, 46, 74-5,
77, 84, 87-8, 136, 138, 216, 220, 227 Faculty of Pont-a-Mousson 28 Fascism 379, 503, 523, 534 Faulkner, William 3 Faurie, Franςois 171
Fechner, Gustav 289 Feldman, G.A. 229
Ferraris, Galileo 388
Ferri, Enrico 374 Ferry, Jules 247 Fireman, P. 227
First World War (1914-18) 242, 272, 277, 350, 368, 395, 404-5, 411, 446, 450, 452, 458-9, 469, 481, 489, 503, 506, 514, 530, 534 Paris Peace Conference (1919) 468 Treaty of Versailles (1919) 278, 377, 405, 469, 472
Fisher, Irving 161, 179, 251, 342, 344, 380, 410-11,413, 415-16, 458, 518, 542, 642, 676, 687, 702, 710, 734
Appreciation and Interest 412-13 Boom and Depressions (1932) 411 Constructive Income Taxation (1942) 412 Elementary Principles of Economics (1911)
411
general equilibrium system of 412 How to Live. Rules for Healthful Living
Based on Modern Science (1915) 411 Introduction to Economic Science (1910) 411 The Making of Index Numbers (1922) 415 Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices (1892) 410, 412
The Nature of Capital and Income (1906) 411 The Purchasing Power of Money (1911) 411, 413-14
The Rate of Interest (1907) 411 separation theorem 415
theory of investment 416-17
time preference theory 342-3, 650
use of quantity theory 413-15
Fisk, Eugene Lyman
How to Live. Rules for Healthful Living Based on Modern Science (1915) 411 Flux, Alfred 280, 311 Foerster, Norman
concept of “provincialism of time” 2 Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de 9 Forbonnais, Franρois Veron de 33, 35-6
Observations sur l’esprit des loix (1753) 27
Ford Foundation 694
Fossati, Eraldo 337
Foxwell, Herbert 534
France 12, 18, 25-7, 30, 54, 57, 59, 83, 107-8, 212, 247-8, 297, 443, 464, 468, 639, 698
Anjou 48
Assemblee Constituante 171
Assemblee Legislative 171
Bordeaux 24
Calais 698
Dijon 436
February Revolution (1848) 171-2, 194, 213, 237
government of
debt 18
July Revolution (1830) 164
Lille 443
Lyon 114, 174
Mere 28
National Assembly 96
Normandy 9
Paris 9, 20, 28, 42, 48, 73, 101, 114, 164, 167, 171, 174, 181, 187, 192, 212-13, 234, 237, 247, 323, 348, 514, 518-19, 639, 642, 698
Paris Commune 237
Rennes 436
Revolution (1789-99) 83-4, 96, 101, 114, 117
Royal Bank 17-18
Sorbonne 81, 698
Strasbourg 348, 392
Versailles 28, 31, 37
Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) 242, 274 Frankfurter Zeitung 523
free market 363, 464
failure of 514
influence of 273
Friedman, Milton 17, 360, 413, 487, 632-3,
648, 652-3, 659, 678, 734
Capitalism and Freedom (1962) 648
focus on quantity theory 650-51
Free to Choose 653
Income from Independent Professional Practitioners (1954) 649
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960 447, 649
The Study of Consumer Purchases 649 A Theory of the Consumption Function 649-50
transfer of notions 360
variant of quantity theory 629
Frisch, Ragnar Anton Kittil 408, 518-19, 568,
572, 599-600, 698
influence in
econometrics 519
production theory 520-21
New Methods of Measuring Marginal Utility (1932) 519
Statistical Confluence Analysis (1934) 519-20 Frisi, Paolo
Meditazioni sulla Economia Politica 86 Frobenius, Ferdinand Georg 410
Fromm, Erich
concept of alienation 639
Fujita, Masahisa
The Spatial Economy (1999) 751 full-employment equilibrium 477-9 long run 476, 480
Fundamental Law of Psychophysics 289
Gage, Joseph 20
Galbraith, J.K. 638-9
Gale, David 719
Gallani, Ferdinando
Dialogues sur le commerce des bles (1770)
74
game theory 525, 581-2, 584 development of 718-19 non-cooperative 729
Garegnani, Pierangelo 140
Garnier, Joseph 246
Gaussian distribution 437-8
Gdansk University Engineering College 568 general equilibrium (GE) 37, 79, 103, 162,
245, 247, 250, 252-3, 258, 266, 290, 296, 300-303, 308, 324-6, 328, 332, 337, 342, 345, 347, 355, 363, 372, 388, 408-9, 412, 510, 643, 656, 691, 707, 713, 725, 749-50 analysis 406, 735-6
Walrasian 406, 408
Arrow-Debreu model 408, 510, 690, 693-5, 700-701, 703
neoclassical 618
use of monopoly in 328
von Neumann model of 581, 583-4
Walras-Cassel model 511
Genocchi, Angelo 388
George, Henry
Progress and Poverty (1879) 311, 670 Georgescu-Roegen, Nicolas 200, 486 German Bureau of Statistics
International Division 514
German Democratic Party 395
German Historical Schools 167, 169, 200, 203-5, 209, 275-7, 283, 289, 292, 320
German Institute for Business Cycle Research founding of (1925) 514-15
German Use Value School 209
German Workers’ Association 213
Germany 54, 167, 226, 269, 272, 377, 400, 404, 443, 469, 472, 514, 518, 564, 653
Bad Harzburg 275
Berlin 206, 211, 268, 272, 274-5, 277, 348, 391-2, 410, 484, 515, 523, 616
Bonn 211, 506
Canarienhausen 157
Cologne 196-7, 213, 621
Duren 196
Dusseldorf 440
Erlangen 268
Frankfurt 40, 158, 515, 634
Freiburg 268
Gottingen 206
Hamburg 157, 268
Hanover 206
Heidelberg 320, 341, 393
Jena 203, 341, 348, 506
Kongstein im Taunus 634
Leipzig 204, 341,419
Marburg 203
Ministry of Education 272
Munich 391, 616, 619
National Assembly 158
Naumburg 203
Nuremberg 268
Prussia 213, 272, 277, 329
Upper House 275
Reichstag 392, 523
Reutlingen 167
Silesia 621
Stuttgart 514
“Third Reich” (1933-45) 359, 464, 504, 506-7, 515, 519, 524, 563, 634, 638, 723
Schutzstaffel (SS) 621
Tubingen 406, 440
Wolfenbuttel 514
Gini Index 731
Giolitti, Giovanni 367
Giornale degli Economisti 323-4, 336, 367, 379, 388-9
Giornale degli Economisti e rivista di statistica
461
globalization 504, 664, 678
opposition to 746
The Globe 150
Godolphin, Lord 16
Goethe University, Frankfurt 515
gold standard (GS) 16, 104, 127, 341, 405, 458, 460, 465, 469, 471, 723
adoption of 122, 449
aims of 450
departure of 405, 473 opposition to 473 suspension of 104, 350
Goldbach, Christian 42
Goldschmidt, Levin 392
Gomez Betancourt, Rebeca 449-50
Goodwin, Richard M. 229, 486, 672
theory of unilateral coupling 672
Google, Inc.
Google Scholar 557
Goring, Hermann 638
Gossen, Hermann Heinrich 196-7, 200, 209, 255, 283, 290, 434
Entwickelung der Gesetze des menschlichen Verkehrs, und der daraus flieβenden Regeln fur menschliches Handeln (1854) 196-200
Plan for the Nationalization of Land 200
Gothenburg School of Business Economics 509
Gournay, Jacques-Claude-Marie Vincent de, see Vincent, Jacques-Claude-Marie (Marquis of Gournay)
Gramsci, Antonio 534
Granger, Gilles-Gaston 84, 89
Graslin, Jean-Joseph-Louis 35, 74
Graunt, John 86
Great Depression 404, 455, 524, 530-31, 658, 672, 676, 678, 687, 723, 734, 753
UK departure from gold standard 405,
473
Wall Street Crash (1929) 411
Great Recession (2007-9) 506, 508, 565, 579, 688, 752-3
Grimm, Friedrich Melchior 27, 36
Griziotti, Benvenuto 380
Groenewegen, Peter 75
gross domestic product (GDP) 572, 675, 687, 730
Grossmann, Henrik
cycle and crises theories of 229
Groβmann-Doerth, Hans 508
growth theory 552, 741
Harrod-Domar 383, 408, 516, 601 neoclassical 343, 677, 679, 716, 741-2
Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model 588
rate
natural 576
warranted 576
Solow-Swan one-good model 742
Grundriss der Sozialokonomik (Social Economics) 365, 394-5
Guerineau de Saint-Peravy, Jean-Nicolas 34, 37
Guilbaud, Georges-Theodule 84
Gurley, Jack 685
Haberler, Gottfried 464, 552, 621
Habsburg Empire 484
Bukowina 485
Galicia
Lemberg 464
Hadley, Arthur Twining 410
Hahn, Frank 625, 694, 741
Halevy, Elie 98
Hamilton, William 59
Hammarskjδld, Dag 509
Hammond, Anthony 19
Hanau, Arthur
cobweb-dynamics 599
Handelshochschulen (Merchants Superior Schools) 268
Handworterbuch der Staatswissenschaften
365
Hansen, Alvin 235, 552, 658, 685
Haq, Mahbub ul 729-30
Hardy, G.H.
Pure Mathematics (1908) 587
Harms, Bernhard 515
Harrod, Roy Forbes 537, 571, 575, 626, 714 Foundations of Inductive Logic (1956) 575 theory of
dynamics 576-7
imperfect competition 575-6
Towards a Dynamic Economics (1948) 593 The Trade Cycle (1936) 575
Hartlib, Samuel 7
Harvard University 359, 486, 489, 617-18, 634, 639, 658, 676, 685, 691, 728
Department of Economics 552, 660 Graduate School 655
Harvey, W.H.
Coin’s Financial School (1894) 449
Hawkins, David 672
Hawtrey, Ralph George 458-9
The Art of Central Banking (1932) 243, 458, 460
Capital and Employment (1937) 458 A Century of Bank Rate (1938) 458
Gold Standard in Theory and Practice (1927) 458
Right Policy: the Place of Value Judgments in Politics 458
Thoughts and Things 458 Hayek, Friedrich August von 104, 185, 190, 201,284, 343, 363, 464, 475, 500, 507, 528, 532, 539, 557-62, 565, 606, 621, 631, 639
Carl Menger Gesammelte Werke 284 Collectivist Economic Planning (1935) 561 The Constitution of Liberty (1960) 564 The Counter-Revolution of Science (1952) 564
criticisms of welfare economics 663
“Economics and knowledge” (1937) 563
The Fatal Conceit (1988) 565
Law, Legislation and Liberty (1979) 565 Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle 515-16
Prices and Production (1931) 536, 559-60, 596
The Pure Theory of Capital (1941) 561
The Road to Serfdom 503, 564
Central Planning Bureau 563
The Sensory Order (1952) 557
“Trend of economic thinking” (1933) 562-3 “The use of knowledge in society” (1945) 563
Hearn, W.E.
Plutology (1864) 263
Hebb, Donald O. 639-40
Hebrew University of Jerusalem 706
Hecht, Jacqueline 9 Heckscher, Eli 350
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 212, 217-19, 298, 514
Philosophy of Right 220
Science of Logic 220
Helferich, J.A.R. 273
Helpman, Elhanan
Market Structure and Foreign Trade (1985) 750
Helvetius, Claude-Adrien 28
Henderson, Hubert 613
Can Lloyd George Do It? (1929) 469, 474 Herbert, Lady Mary 19-20 Herkner, Heinrich 277-8
Hermann, Friedrich Benedict Wilhelm 201, 209, 321
Herwegh, Georg 212
Hewins, W.A.S. 382
Hicks, John Richard 139, 263, 327, 337, 456, 519, 570, 602, 606-7, 623, 626, 678-9, 712
Capital and Growth 605, 606
Capital and Time. A Neo-Austrian Approach (1973) 343, 516, 605, 606
A Contribution to the Theory of the Trade
Cycle (1950) 604
Critical Essays in Monetary Theory (1967)
607
influence in macroeconomics 605
IS-LM, model of 524, 605, 721-2 A Market Theory of Money (1989) 607 theory of capital 602-4
The Theory of Wages (1932) 602-3 Value and Capital (1939) 344, 511, 603-4, 606, 642, 690-91, 712
Hildebrand, Adolf von 203 Hildebrand, Bruno 203-4, 206, 363
Die Nationalokonomie der Gegenwart und
Zukunft (The Economics of the Present and the Future) (1844) 203
“Umrisse zu einer Kritik der
Nationalokonomie” 204-5
Hilferding, Rudolf 227, 229, 484, 688 Das Finanzkapital (1910) 227
Hirschman, Albert O. 25
Hitler, Adolf 507
Hitotsubashi University 284
Hobbes, Thomas 5
Hobson, John Atkinson 382
The Economics of Distribution (1900) 383-4 The Physiology of Industry (1889) 382-3 The Problem of the Unemployed (1896) 383 Hollander, Jacob H. 153
Hollander, Samuel 68, 118, 139-40 Hotelling, Harold
Hotelling model 133
Howard, Michael 226
Howlett, John
Examination of Dr. Price’s Essay on
Population (1781) 98
Hull, C.H. 7
humanism 66
civic 144
Humboldt University, Berlin 268
Hume, David 16, 48, 54, 58, 73, 77, 81, 105, 564
Economic Writings (1955) 50 An Enquiry Concerning Human
Understanding (1748) 48
An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of
Morals (1751) 48
Essays Moral, Political and Literary 48-51 The History of England (1754-62) 48 Political Discourses (1752) 48
Political Essays (1751) 98 price-specie-flow theory of 148
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40) 48,
52
Hungarian Radical Party 503
Hungary
Budapest 503, 582, 628, 638
Hurwicz, Leonid 691
Huygens, Christiaan
“De ratiociniis in ludo ale®” 41 hydrodynamics 42
Ibsen, Henrik 347
Imperial Academy of Sciences 42 imperialism 206, 229, 331, 383, 489, 739, 750 income distribution 329, 350, 419
functions 329-30
Keynesian theory of 628 neoclassical theory of 351-2 relationship with capital accumulation 229
Independent Socialist Youth Union 610 index theory
development of 519
India 242, 263, 396
Calcutta 728
Santiniketan 728
Indian Statistical Institute 737
Industrial Revolution 607 industrialism 146, 168, 605 inflation 17, 21-2, 26, 97, 120, 350, 356, 473, 679 cost 629
Phelps-Friedman accelerationist hypothesis
512
price 105
theories of 105, 349
Innocent XI, Pope 81 input-output analysis 229, 433, 616-19 Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes
Internationales 464
Institute for the Study of Business Cycle Research 568
Institute of Economics
establishment of (1932) 518
Institute of World Affairs 515 institutionalism 168, 446, 630
American 375, 498
insurance 46, 83, 114, 174, 196, 694, 742-3, 748 marine 41, 45, 86-7 markets 498 social 268
interest 116, 341, 350, 354, 412-13, 421,428, 527
rates of 26, 63, 358-9, 413, 416, 458-9, 479, 500, 569-70
determinants of 474-5
equilibrium 344, 355
gaps 350
market 357
monetary 161
money 539
natural 511 nominal 414 real 343, 570 theories of 404
International Economic Association Corfu Meeting (1958) 604 Paris Meeting (1950) 487
International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences 676
International Labour Office 568 International Monetary Conference for the
Prolongation of the Latin Union (1884) 257
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 470, 482, 745-6
International Statistical Institute 419 International Workingmen’s Association
(First International) 194, 215 investment 30, 62, 64, 76, 123, 133, 136-7, 160,
183, 349, 354, 357-8, 360, 376, 382-3, 400-401,408, 411, 413-17, 441, 455, 471, 475-80, 500, 506, 512, 516, 527, 531, 540, 561, 568-71, 576-7, 599, 618, 628-9, 648, 666, 675, 679, 686, 688, 691, 708, 714-16, 721, 734, 739 foreign 450 net 476, 572, 651, 678, 714 private 405, 573 public 181-2, 663, 696 rate of return 417 theories of 16
Ireland, Republic of 5-6, 8, 150 County Kerry
Ballyheigue 19
Portarlington 122
Islam 1
Isnard, Achilles-Nicolas 101, 617 Cathechisme social (1784) 103 Traite des richesses (1781) 101-3
Israel 706
Italy 41, 268, 323, 329, 336-7, 363, 369, 379,
518, 523, 622, 712, 714, 721
Celigny 323 Florence 323, 410 Free State of Fiume 323 Genoa 323, 514 Italian Communist Party (PCd’I) 534 Naples 367, 388
Pisa 144
Rome 388, 410 Second War of Independence (1859) 363 Turin 388, 534 Tuscany 144-5
Venice 16
Izumo, Masashi 138
Jackson, Andrew 167
Jacobites 19, 84
Jaffe, Edgar 394
Jaffe, William 253
Jahrbucher fur Nationalokonomie und Statistik 203
Jansenism 9-10
social theory 12
Japan 1, 138, 725, 752
Kyoto 712
Tokyo 284, 712
Jenkin, Fleeming 263
Jenks, Jeremiah 449
Jesuits 83
Jesus Christ 7
Jevons, William Stanley 138, 182, 198, 258, 262, 264, 266, 281, 283, 287, 312-13, 326, 348, 363, 423, 435, 519, 602, 726
The Coal Question (1865) 262
Elementary Lessons in Logic (1870) 262 exchange model 264-5
Investigations in Currency and Finance (1884) 262
law of indifference 264-5
Methods of Social Reform 262
Money and the Mechanism of Exchange (1875) 262
“Notice of a general mathematical theory of political economy” 263
A Primer on Political Economy (1878) 262
The Principles of Science (1874) 262
A Serious Fall in the Value of Gold (1863) 262
The State in Relation to Labour (1882) 262 theory of partial equilibrium 290, 454 Theory of Political Economy (1879) 182, 196, 263, 265, 311,412
Johansson, Alf 509
Johns Hopkins Bologna Center of Advanced International Studies 721
Johns Hopkins University 321, 374, 578, 655 Johnson, Lyndon B. 687
Johnson, Samuel
Dictionary 59-60
Jones-Loyd, Samuel (Lord Overstone) 149 Journal d’agriculture, du commerce et des finances 35
Journal d’instruction sociale 83-4
Journal des economistes 171, 181,237, 246,
256
Journal of Economic Literature 614
Journal of Economic Theory 728
Journal of Law and Economics 632
Journal of Political Economy 374, 721 Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor de 96
Judaism 211, 385, 464, 503, 514, 525, 578, 613-14, 616, 634, 648, 655
anti-Semitism 268, 368
Sephardic 120
Juglar, Clement 234, 444
Juglar cycle 234-5
Kahn, Richard Ferdinand 475-6, 535, 568, 605, 613-14, 625
lectures of 614
“The relation of home investment to unemployment” 625
Kahneman, Daniel 640 Kakutani fixed point theorem 719 Kaldor, Nicholas 343, 455-6, 500, 572, 594, 625-6, 628-30, 639, 741
Full Employment in a Free Society 628
global development model of 629
growth models of 576-7, 611
Kalecki, Michal 568, 599
cycles and growth models of 572-3, 610-11
An Essay in the Theory of the Business Cycle 568
theory of
employment 569
pure imperfect competition 570-71 Kant, Immanuel 121, 374, 402, 514-15
theory of supreme value 402 Kantarovich, Leonid 581 Kardex Rand 411
Kaufmann, Felix 464 Kautsky, Karl 214
Kemmerer, Edwin Walter 449-50
focus on QTM and GS 449-51 Kennedy, John F. 675, 677, 687 Kenya 742
government of 743 Keynes, John Maynard 2, 26, 108, 112, 124, 138, 161, 189, 208-9, 245, 263, 281,293, 384, 405, 413, 450, 452, 458, 468-73, 477-8, 514, 523, 531-2, 534-6, 540-41, 559, 562, 568-9, 571, 575, 578, 588, 597-8, 600, 613, 619, 625-6, 628, 638, 648, 651, 658-9, 677, 685, 726, 744, 748
Can Lloyd George Do It? (1929) 469, 474 concept of involuntary unemployment 407, 455, 650, 709-10, 726
concept of liquidity 479, 541-2 liquidity trap 752
The Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill (1925) 473
The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1920) 377, 469, 472
Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren 559
The End of Laissez Faire (1926) 559 focus on QTM 472-4
The General Theory of Money, Interest and Employment (1936) 360, 383, 416, 455-6, 458, 469, 471,474, 476-82, 509, 531, 535, 540, 560, 568, 570, 572, 575, 579, 588, 593, 605, 607, 613-14, 626, 661, 676, 707, 710
How to Pay for the War (1940) 470, 481
Indian Currency and Finance (1913) 468, 471, 473, 482
opposition to gold standard 473 principle of effective demand 478-9
A Revision of the Treaty (1922) 469
A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923) 469, 472, 482
A Treatise on Money (1930) 469, 474-6, 535-6, 560, 596, 613-14, 625
A Treatise on Probability (1921) 420, 468-70, 476-7, 587-8
We Can Conquer Unemployment 473-4 Keynes, John Neville 468
Scope and Method of Political Economy (1891) 468
Khintchine, Alexandre 437
Kiel Institute of World Economics 515, 523-4, 617,634
Kiev Commercial Institute 461
King, John 122, 124, 140, 226, 628 Kingdom of Saxony 167
Kirzner, Israel 292, 464
Klein, Lawrence 634, 675
Knapp, Georg Friedrich 274, 348 Knies, Karl 206, 285, 363, 393
Das Geld (1885) 289
Knight, Frank H. 498, 500-501, 632, 658, 682, 685
Knightian uncertainty 498-9
Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (1921) 498-501
Koopmans, Tjalling 447, 524-5, 568, 581, 619, 676, 691
Kortum, Hermann 196 Krakow University 283
Krelle, Wilhelm 623 Krugman, Paul Robin 748
The Age of Diminished Expectations (1990) 753
The Conscience of a Liberal (2007) 753 influence on trade theory 748-9
Market Structure and Foreign Trade (1985) 750
The Self-Organizing Economy (1996) 751
The Spatial Economy (1999) 751 theory of financial crises 751-3
Kurz, Heinz D. 103, 131-2, 136, 140, 160, 548-9, 560, 589, 606, 617
Kuznets, Simon 447, 515, 617, 649, 706 Kyoto University 712
La Decade philosophique, litteraire et politique, par une societe de republicans 114
La Nation 237
La Presse 246
La Reforme 237
La Volpe, Giulio 337
labour 6-7, 20, 61, 64, 69, 107, 111, 115, 125-6, 128, 130-31, 133, 135-6, 151-2, 159-60, 171-2, 175, 181, 193-4, 215, 217, 220, 222, 306, 342, 345, 354, 402, 423, 431, 452, 583-4, 594, 655, 687, 714, 722, 734, 742-3, 750
abstract 216-20
common 61 costs 136 direct 128, 221 division of 7, 13, 68, 75, 193, 197, 454 market 14, 237-8, 478, 570, 652 productive 62, 111, 165 productivity 7, 225-6 relationship with property 192-3 remuneration of 116 specialization 62 units of 77-8
universal social 217 unproductive 62, 111, 165 value 215-16, 425-6, 431-2, 546, 549 wage 213-14
Labriola, Antonio 374 laissez faire 11-12, 97, 256, 508, 644 opposition to 209, 273, 531-2 Lake Mohonk Conferences 322 Lange, Oskar Ryszard 562, 610-12, 685, 706, 712
concept of “Walras’s Law” 251, 703 “Marxian economics and modern economic theory”(1935)610
model of central planning bureau 610, 612 model of “market socialism” 561 On the Economic Theory of Socialism 610 Price Flexibility and Full Employment (1944) 610
Lansdowne, Marquis of 7 Laplace, Pierre-Simon 297, 319
Mecanique Celeste 318
Lassalle, Ferdinand
Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein 215 Laughlin, James Laurence
Coin’s Financial Fool 449
Facts about Money (1895) 449
Law, John 16-17, 19, 24
“Essay on a land bank” 16
Mississippi System 16-18
Money and Trade Consider’d with a Proposal for Suppllying the Nation with Money (1705) 16-17
Le Bovier de Fontenelle, Bernard, see Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de
Le Censeur 164
Le Censeur Europeen 164
Le Courier franςais 237
Le Pesant de Boisguilbert, see Boisguilbert, Pierre le Pesant de
Le Travail, organe international des interets economiques de la classe laborieuse, revue du mouvement cooperatif 246
Le Trosne, Guillaume-Franρois 34
League of Nations 350, 405, 411, 509, 599-600
Economic Intelligence Service 625
Leclerc de Buffon, Georges-Louis, see Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
Lederer, Emil 484, 634
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 40, 42, 197 Leirens, Constant 246
Lend Lease Agreement 470
Lenin, Vladimir I. 400, 489, 750
Leontief, Wassily W. 37, 229, 486, 515, 552, 616, 658, 714, 716
“Die Wirtschaft als Kreislauf” (1928) 103 role in development of input-output analysis 229, 616-19
Leontovich, A.V.
Elementary Guidelines to Gauss and Pearson Methods in the Assessment of Errors in Statistics and Biology (1909-11) 461
Lerner, Abba Ptachya 562, 578-9
“Economic theory and socialist economy” (1934) 578
The Economics of Control (1944) 579
Economics of Employment (1951) 579
Lerner index 578
Marshall-Lerner condition 578
model of “market socialism” 561
Leroy, Charles-Georges 28, 31 Lessius, see Leys, Leonard de Levy Economics Institute 685
Levy, Paul 437
Lexis, Wilhelm 227, 419, 426
Leys, Leonard de (Lessius) 81
Liberal Revolution 501
liberalism 167, 185, 190, 205, 507, 514
classical 564
criticisms of 174
ordoliberalism 508
radical economic 292
liberty
definitions of 164-5
Lieben, Richard 290, 435
Investigations on the Theory of Price (1889) 410
Liebknecht, Wilhelm
Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei 215 Life Extension Institute 411
Lindahl, Erik 359, 360, 405, 509, 568, 635-6
Die Gerechtigkeit der Besteuerung 359, 509-10
Lindahl equilibrium 510
Lindahl prices 509-10
monetary theory of 511-12
Penningpolitikens Medel (The Aims of
Monetary Policy) (1930) 511-12
“The place of capital in the theory of price” (1929) 510
Linder, Staffan Burenstam 201
home market effect theory of 748
Linguet, Simon-Nicolas-Henri
Reponse aux docteurs modernes (1771) 36 liquidation 235 liquidity
concepts of 541-2
preference 479
risks 104
List, Friedrich 167, 169, 174, 206
concept of “mental capital/productive powers” 169
Das nationale System der politischen Okonomie (The National System of Political Economy) (1839-40) 167-9 Lloyd, William Forster 161 Locke, John 29, 73, 84, 269
London School of Economics (LSE) 455, 514, 530, 532, 534, 558, 561, 578, 596, 602-3, 625, 631-2, 638-9, 708-9, 712, 721, 728, 737
Toyota International Centre for Economic and Related Disciplines (STICERD) 712
London Society for the Extension of University Teaching 382
Loria, Achille 227
Lδsch, August 162, 485
Lothian, J.M. 59
Louis XIV 9
Louis XV 17, 28
Louis XVI 37
Louis XVIII
“Charte octroyee” 164 Lowe, Adolph 514, 523, 617
Arbeitslosigkeit und Kriminalitat (Unemployment and Criminality) (1914) 514
development of business cycle theory 515-16
Economics and Sociology (1935) 514
Has Freedom a Future? (1988) 514
On Economic Knowledge (1965) 514-15
The Path of Economic Growth (1976) 515-16 The Price of Liberty (1937) 514
Lucas, Robert E. 48, 600, 734-5 “Econometric policy evaluation - a critique” (1976) 735-6
“An equilibrium model of the business cycle” (1975) 734
“Expectations and the neutrality of money” (1972) 734
island model of 735
Lucas Critique 600-601, 735-6
Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation (1969) 734
Lundberg, Erik 407, 509
Studies in the Theory of Economic Expansions (1937) 408
Lutz, Friedrich 508
Luxemburg, Rosa 229, 489, 568
Einfuhrung in die Nationalokonomie (1925) 227
Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de
Doutes sur l’ordre naturel et essentiel des societespolitiques 35
Maccabelli, Terenzio 338
Macgregor, D.H. 280
Machlup, Fritz 464, 500, 621
Macmillan Committee on Finance and
Industry 469, 475 macroeconomics 16, 168-9, 229, 245, 343,
349-50, 358, 376, 415, 452, 455, 478, 482, 552, 560, 568, 599, 605, 626-7, 652-3, 675, 703, 734, 736-7, 744-5, 752-3 behavioural 739 development of 359-60, 481 financial crises 751-2 investment saving-liquidity preference money supply framework (IS-LM) 605, 652, 676, 708, 721-2, 734
Keynesian 455, 629, 638, 649-50, 658, 679, 726
preference functions 520 production 714
Madoff, Bernard 686
Mahalanobis, Prasanta 520
Maison de Sorbonne 73
Malthus, Daniel 107
Malthus, Thomas Robert 54, 96, 111-12, 118, 121, 123-4, 129, 133, 145, 152, 157, 172, 185, 188, 212, 269, 281, 348, 543, 726
The Crisis, a View of the Present Interesting State of Great Britain, by a Friend to the Constitution (1796) 107
Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) 84, 107-9
The Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of Restricting the Importation of Foreign Corn (1815) 110
An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent (1815) 110, 151
An Investigation of the Cause of the Present High Price of Provisions (1800), 108
Observations on the Effects of the Corn Laws, and of a Rise or Fall in the Price of Corn on the Agriculture and General Wealth of the Country (1814) 110
“Pamphlets on the bullion question” (1811) 109-10
Principles of Political Economy (1820) 98, 109-11, 123
theory of population 208
Man and the Economy 632 Manchester Guardian 534, 602
Mandelbrot, Benoit 438-9
Mandeville, Bernard de 10, 198
Fable of the Bees 25
Maneschi, Andrea 329
Mangoldt, Karl-Hans von 287
Mantel, R. 703 manufacturing 17, 30, 111, 124, 131, 134-5, 168, 427, 629, 741, 750-51
competitive 308
development of 225
textile 484
Marchionatti, Roberto 336 marginal analysis 302, 352, 367, 369, 379 marginalism 68, 138, 367, 379, 388-9, 444, 610 Marivetz, Etienne-Claude de 31
market economies 20, 145, 164, 342, 465, 516, 559
price mechanism in 516
price system in 498
pure 649
social 506
market process theory 466
stability theory 666
Markowitz, Harry 677
Marschak, Jacob 515, 523, 691
Economic Theory of Teams (1972) 525
Elasticity of Demand (1931) 524
Income, Employment and the Price Level (1951)523
Marshall, Alfred 2, 16-17, 68, 105, 139, 161-2, 280, 295-301, 305-9, 312, 315, 326, 351, 389, 404, 410, 414, 444, 458, 470, 472, 476, 478, 484, 530, 534-5, 548, 553, 569, 593, 597-8, 604, 621, 632-3, 643, 661, 706, 748, 750-51
analysis used by 300-304
concept of real costs 544-5
The Economics of Industry (1979) 295,
303
Industry and Trade (1919) 295, 304 marginal productivity theory 306 offer curve 317
Official Papers of Alfred Marshall 295 Principles of Economics 295, 297, 300, 304, 306-7, 592, 693
Money, Credit and Commerce (1923)
295
use of mathematics 297
use of partial equilibrium 301, 537-8
ceteris paribus clause 301-2
“Ye machine” 298-9
Marx, Karl Heinrich 5, 12, 16, 37, 54, 69, 77,
81, 107, 112, 132, 135, 138, 146, 152, 162, 167, 194, 204, 209, 211-29, 283, 293, 311, 320, 341, 343, 363, 374, 391,400, 419, 421, 423-8, 433, 440, 484, 487-8, 490, 491, 516, 544, 545, 546, 549, 568, 573, 593, 617, 663-4, 712, 726
The Communist Manifesto 146, 204, 213 critiques of 227-9, 311
Das Kapital (Capital) 77, 81,214, 216-24, 226-7, 341,425-6, 568
Die deutsche Ideologie (The German
Ideology) (1845-6) 212
Grundrisse der Kritik der Politischen
Okonomie (Rohentwurf) 1857-1858 214, 218
Misere de la Philosophie (The Poverty of Philosophy) (1847) 213
Okonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte von 1844 (Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of1844) (1932) 212
Theorien uber den Mehrwert (Theories of
Surplus Value) 214
theory of capital
constant 222
variable 222
theory of labour 217, 219-20, 224
abstract 216-20
value 215-16, 222-3, 228, 534-5,
549
“Zur Judenfrage” (“On the Jewish question”) 212
“Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie” (“A contribution to the critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right”) 212
Zur Kritik der Politischen Okonomie (Erstes Heft) (A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy) (1859) 214, 216-17, 218-19
Marxism 205, 274, 399, 402, 503, 610, 616, 663-4, 713
production of relative surplus value 663 Mas-Colell, Andreu 700
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 438, 658-9, 691, 709, 714, 718, 721, 737, 741, 748
Economics Department 659-60
Faculty Club 660
Radiation Laboratory 658
Matsukawa, S. 7
Mattioli, Raffaele 536
Maurice Falk Institute for Economic Research 706
Max Weber Gesamtausgabe (MWG) 391 Mayer, Hans 621
McCarthy, Joseph 568, 672
McCulloch, John Ramsey 103-4, 124, 145 McKinley, William 449
Meade, James Edward 475, 481, 535, 613, 625-7, 721, 741
balance in international payments theory 625-6
The Balance of Payments (1951) 626
Trade and Welfare (1955) 626
Medlen, Craig
The Evolution of Modern Capitalism (2012) 383
Melon, Jean-Franρois
Essai politique sur le commerce (1734) 26 Menger, Carl 168, 248, 262, 275, 283-6, 288-92, 341-2, 348, 363, 408, 410, 465, 484, 496, 603, 726
Die Irrthumer des deutschen Historismus (The Errors of German Historicism) (1884) 276, 290
Grundsatze der Volkswirthschaftslehre (1871) 209, 284-92, 557
focus on utility 286-8
Untersuchungen uber die Methode der Socialwissenschaften und der Politischen Oekonomie insbesondere (1883) 290-91, 292
mercantilism 7, 61, 64
Mercier, Louis-Sebastien 36
Methodenstreit 168, 268, 275, 283, 289, 300, 507
microeconomics 168, 179, 183, 201, 376, 453-4, 466, 552, 581, 650, 661, 694 applied 46
consumer 695
Miksch, Leonard 508
Mill, James 114, 118, 121, 124, 136, 187, 374, 545
Elements of Political Economy 187
Essay on the Impolicy of a Bounty on the Exportation of Grain (1804) 98
Mill, John Stuart 136, 174, 186, 190, 245, 280, 312, 348, 380, 449, 507, 557, 726
Autobiography 74, 186
The Claims of Labour 188-9
Essays on some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy (1844) 153, 186
Principles of Political Economy 185, 188, 242
A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive 186
theory of value 189
Minsky, Hyman Philip 486, 685-6
financial instability hypothesis (FIH) 685-8 Mir Bozhii (God’s World) 399
Mirabeau, Gabriel-Honore Riqueti, Count of 114
Mirabeau, Victor Riqueti, Marquis of 29, 31, 34, 36-7
L’ami des hommes (1757) 31
Philosophie rurale (1763) 29, 31, 34 “Zig-Zag” model 31-2
Tableau economique 31
Theorie de l’impot (1760) 31, 34
Traite de la monarchie 31
Mirrlees, James 745
Mises, Ludwig Heinrich von 343, 357, 363, 464-5, 503, 523, 557, 561-2
The Anti-Capitalistic (1956) 466
Human Action: A Treatise on Economics (1949) 465-6
Nationalokonomie: Theorie des Handelns und des Wirtschaftens (1940) 465-6
Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis (1922) 561
Theorie des Geldes und der Umlaufsmittel (1912) 464-5, 559-60
Mississippi Company
shares issued by 18-20
Mitchell, Wesley Clair 235, 377, 446-7, 559
Business Cycles (1913) 446
Business Cycles: The Problem and Its Setting (1927) 447
Measuring Business Cycles (1946) 447 mixed economies 363, 365, 465, 629, 659 Modigliani, Franco 523, 570, 675, 706, 741 Molinari, Gustave de 237, 240, 434
Les soirees de la rue Saint-Lazare (1849) 237, 239
market reform theories of 238-9
role of competitive firms 239-40 monetarism 17, 629, 652, 653, 679 monetary policy 17, 22, 105, 148, 149, 350,
358, 360, 400, 404, 405, 451,458, 473, 475,
477, 559, 561, 625, 650, 651, 653, 675, 677,
678, 685, 687, 722, 739, 752, 753 monetary theory 63, 126, 127, 148, 154, 160,
161, 162, 248, 252, 253, 256, 289, 350, 354,
358, 365, 379, 443, 452, 455, 458, 465, 475,
486, 509, 515, 529, 559, 560, 565, 575, 646,
648, 677, 678, 706, 707, 708, 713 expansion 650-52 international 575
Lindahlian 511-12
Ricardian 242-3
monopoly 177, 229, 257, 326, 337, 553, 578 artificial 257
natural 240-41
pure 554
use in general equilibrium 328
Monroe Doctrine 451,493
Mont Pelerin Society 631
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat de
24-6, 49, 164
Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and of their Decline (Considerations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur decadence) (1734) 24
Lettres persanes (Persian Letters) (1721) 24 The Spirit of the Laws (De l’espirit des lois) (1748) 24, 26-7, 98
Moore, George Edward 458, 468, 470 Principia Ethica 587
Moral Sciences Tripos 280
Morellet, Andre
Dictionnaire du commerce 74
Prospectus d’un nouveau dictionnaire de commerce (1769) 81
Morgenstern, Oskar 464, 525, 548, 558, 588,
621,719
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (TGEB) (1944) 581-5, 718
Morishima, Michio 712-13, 726
Dogakuteki Keizai Riron (Dynamic
Economic Theory) (1950) 712
The Morning Chronicle 120
Morris, George S. 374
Moscow State University
Research Institute of Mathematics and
Mechanics 462
Moscow University 399, 461-2
Muller, Adam 204
Elemente der Staatskunst (1809-10) 169 Muller-Armack, Alfred 508
Mummery, A.F. 382
Mun, Thomas 51
Mundell, Robert Alexander 721, 723
Mundell-Tobin effect 721
open-economy IS-LM model 722-3 Musgrave, Richard Abel 268, 359, 510, 634-6, 665
Classics in the Theory of Public Finance (1959) 636
The Theory of Public Finance (1959) 636 Mussolini, Benito 534
Muth, John F. 734
Myrdal, Gunnar 360, 408, 509, 511, 527, 603, 750
An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (1944) 528
Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations (1968) 528
Economic Theory and Under-Developed Regions (1957) 528
Monetary Equilibrium (1931) 527-9
The Political Element in the Development of Economic Theory (1930) 527-9
Nachalo (The Beginning) 399
Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) 105, 120, 122-3, 145, 283
Battle of Anholt (1811) 150
Nash Jr, John Forbes 179, 581-2, 691, 718, 720
Nash equilibrium 718-20
role in development of game theory 718-19 National Bureau of Economic Research
(NBER) 446-7, 524, 559, 617-19, 648-9 National Institute of Economic and Social
Research 568
National Socialism 169, 621 nationalism 167, 368, 485, 621
Nauchnoe obozrenie (Scientific Review) 399 Naumann, Friedrich 392
Neary, Peter 745
Negishi, Takashi 712, 725
“Monopolistic competition and general equilibrium” (1961) 725-6
Negishi’s method 725
“A note on the stability of an economy where all goods are gross substitutes” (1958) 725
theory of kinky perceived demand curves 726
“Welfare economics and existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy” (1960) 725
Neisser, Hans 408, 515, 617
Netherlands
Amsterdam 120
Central Planning Bureau (CPB) 599-600
The Hague 599
Holland 25
Rotterdam 599
Social Democratic Labour Party 599
Neue Annalen der Mecklenburgischen Landwirtschaftsgesellschaft 158, 161
Neue Rkheinische Zeitung 213
Neumann, John von 525, 581-3, 588, 628, 691, 712, 718-19
model of general equilibrium 581, 583-4
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (TGEB) (1944) 581-5, 718
“Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele” 584 Neurath, Otto von 465 The New Englander 320
New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 710
New School for Social Research 536, 578 founding of (1919) 446
New York Clearing House
Coe Report (1873) 243
New York Daily Tribune 215
New York School for Social Research 377
New York Times 527
New York University (NYU) 558 Nicholson, Joseph Shield 280 Nicole, Pierre 10-12
North, Douglass 499
North, Lord Frederick 58
Norway 518, 568
Labour Party 521
Oslo 348, 518
Novoe slovo (New World) 399
Nutter, Warren 683
objectivism 466
Ogden, C.K. 587
Ohlin, Bertil 329, 360, 407, 509, 568, 579, 625
theory of interregional trade 407
Okishio, Nobuo 713
Okishio theorem 132
Older Historical School of Economics 206-7 oligopoly 376, 434, 622-3, 719
formation of 639
Oppenheimer, Franz 514 option pricing theory
Black-Scholes-Merton formula 666
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 639
Osaka University 712
Osborne, M.F. Maury 438
Ostrom, Elinor
common property rights framework 161 Otter, Bishop William 107 Overstone, Lord, see Jones-Loyd, Samuel Owens College, Manchester 185, 262
Oxford Economic Papers 614
Oxford Economists’ Research Group 575
Oxford Institute of Statistics (OIS) 515, 524
Oxford University 5, 315, 475
All Souls College 524
Balliol College 57, 602
Hertford College 625
Institute of Statistics 568
Lincoln College 382
New College 530
Nuffield College 367, 602
Oriel College 625
Queen’s College 95
Palestine
Jerusalem 706
Paley, Mary 281, 295
The Economics of Industry (1979) 295 Palmer, J. Horsely 149
Palomba, Giuseppe 337
Panckoucke, Charles-Joseph
Encyclopedie Methodique 83
Pantaleoni, Maffeo 201,287, 323, 325, 367-72,
420
Principii di economia puri (1889) 369
theory of competition 370-72
Pareto, Vilfredo 216, 227, 248, 323, 325, 367-71, 388, 412, 419, 462, 603, 642, 699, 701, 707, 729
application of general equilibrium 327-9
Cours d’Economie Politique (1896-7) 323-5, 327-30, 333
“Economia sperimentale” (1918) 333
“Economie mathematique” (1911) 330
“Il Massimo di utilita dato della libera concorenza” (1894) 327
“Il Massimo di utilita per una collettivita in sociologia” 333-4
“La Courbe de la repartition de la richesses” (1896) 329
Les systemes socialistes (1901-02) 323,
331
Manuale di Economia Politica (1906) 323, 328, 330-33, 643
methodology of 329-31
dualistic 331
Pareto efficiency 316-17, 453, 719
role in development of welfare economics 307, 317
Sociologia (1916) 333-5
theory of social equilibrium 334-6
trade theory of 325-6
Trattato di Sociologia Generale (1916) 323 Pascal, Blaise 10, 41
Pasinetti, Luigi 359, 548, 614
Patinkin, Don 523
Anticipations of the General Theory? And Other Essays on Keynes (1982) 710 Keynes’ Monetary Thought 710
Money, Interest and Prices (1956) 706-10 “On the consistency of economic models: a theory of involuntary unemployment” (1947) 706, 709-10
“Patinkin controversy” 708
Pattulo, Henry 31
Pearson, Karl 420
Permanent Mandates Commission 350 Perron-Frobenius theorem 672-3
Peru 329, 451
Petites Ecoles de Port-Royal 9
Petrograd State University 616 Petty, William 5, 7-8, 17, 69, 86, 461 concept of “political arithmetic” 5-6 location theory of differential rent 6 A Treatise of Taxes & Contributions (1662) 6-7
Phelps, Edmund 491
Philippe (duc d’Orleans) 17
Physiocracy 34-6, 60, 69, 74, 76-7, 246, 253 criticisms of 114-15
Ephemerides du citoyen 35 Nouvelles ephemerides economiques 37
Pierce, Charles Sanders 374
Pigou, Arthur Cecil 1-2, 280, 307, 414, 452-3,
455-6, 458, 501, 588, 602, 613, 634 The Economics of Welfare (1920) 452-4 Industrial Fluctuations (1927) 452 Memorials of Alfred Marshall 295 The Theory of Unemployment (1933) 452, 455
Wealth and Welfare (1912) 452 Pinochet, Augusto 649
Pitt the Younger, William 95, 107
Plant, Arnold 631, 633
Plutarch
Lives 74
plutocracy 207
Pohle, Ludwig 277
Poisson distribution 420
Poisson, Simeon-Denis 41
Poland 153, 610
Cracow 601
Lodz 568
Outline Perspective Plan 569
Poznan 610
Warsaw 610
Polanyi, Karl 503-4
The Great Transformation 503-4 Polish Academy of Sciences 569 Polish Economic Council 610 political economy 5-6, 10, 12, 27-9, 35-6, 54, 66-7, 85, 96, 99, 192, 281-2, 347, 557 classical 76, 138
critique of 212-13
practical 402
prices 61
proposed reform of 285
theoretical 402
theories of 276
Political Economy Club 123, 148, 150 founding of 350
Polya, George
How to Solve It? (1945) 671
Polytechnic Institute (St Petersburg) 399 Polytechnical Institute of Peter the Great 461 Ponzi, Charles 686
Pope, Alexander
Essay on Man 319
Popper, Karl 671
Populism 146
Portugal 136-7
poverty 107, 145, 189, 245, 347, 443, 528, 592, 687, 690, 730-31, 741, 743
measure of 687, 731
Predδhl, Andreas 162
Preuβische Jahrbticher 273
Princeton University 582-3, 585, 718 principle of utility 117 probability theory
development of 174 production/production theory 342, 352, 547-9
capitalistic 215, 221
definitions of 115
development of 520
modes of 214
period of 343-5
scales of 593
production function 96, 160, 327, 417
Cobb-Douglas 157 productivity 55, 67, 76-7, 152, 189, 193, 198, 277, 342-4
agricultural 35, 75, 111, 153
exclusive 30, 33, 35, 75
labour 7, 60, 62, 65-6, 68, 96, 225, 342, 344 manufacturing 111
marginal 69, 132, 157-60, 162, 208-9, 287, 295, 306, 311-12, 321, 326-7, 344, 347, 351-2, 357, 421
theory of distribution 382
property 253-4
landed 213
relationship with labour 192-3
rights 24
Prospective Review 242
Protestantism 10, 114, 206, 211, 396-7, 514
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 171, 192, 212,
246
De la creation de l,ordre dans l’humanite (1843) 192
De la justice dans la revolution et dans l’Eglise (1858) 192
De l’utilite de la celebration du Dimanche, consideree sous les rapports de l’hygiene publique, de la morale, des relations de famille et de cite (1839) 192
Philosophie de la misere (Philosophy of Poverty) (1846) 213
Systeme des contradictions economiques (1846) 192
Theorie de la propriete (1866) 192-3 Prussian Academy of Sciences 275 public choice theory 682 public finance theory 352-3, 358-9, 380, 509, 636, 745
public goods theory
development of 270, 665 pure equilibrium 337 pure public goods theory 359 pure theory 388, 484, 736
development of 326-7
Quakerism 120 quantitative analysis 446-7, 493 quantity equation 523
quantity theory 105, 474, 629, 650-51 of money (QTM) 449, 472-3, 613-14, 650, 707
Quarterly Journal of Economics 321, 383, 535, 552-3, 655
Quesnay, Franρois 14, 21, 28-30, 33-7, 57, 69, 74-5, 76, 102, 285, 293
Art de guerir par la saignee (1736) 28 Encyclopedie 28-9
Essaiphysique sur Γaconomie animale (1736) 28
Essai sur l’oeconomie animale (1747) 29 focus on agricultural productivity 29-31, 34-6
Memoires de l’Academie de chirurgie (1743) 28
Philosophie rurale (1763) 29, 31, 34 “Zig-Zag” model 31-2
Probleme economique (1766) 31
Recherches philosophiques sur l’evidence des verites geometriques (1773) 36-7
Secondprobleme economique (1767) 31
Tableau economique 31, 102, 224, 617 Theorie de l’impot (1760) 31
Traite de la gangrene (1749) 28
Traite de la monarchie 31
Traite de la suppuration (1749) 28 Traite desfievres continues (1751) 28
Radner, Roy
Economic Theory of Teams (1972) 525 Rae, John 415
Ramsey, Frank Plumpton 535, 587-9, 745 influence of 588-9
optimal pricing research 589, 745 On a Problem of Formal Logic 587 Ramsey’s theorem 588-90 “Truth and probability” 588
Rand, Ayn
Atlas Shrugged 466
RAND Corporation 655, 671, 691, 718 Rapping, Leonard
Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation (1969) 734
rates of return 76, 128, 329, 417, 546, 678 internal 255
marginal 415-16
on capital 74, 161
on investment 357, 417
social 417
Rau, Karl-Heinrich 270, 287
Ravix, Joel-Thomas 75
Rawls, John 728
Theory of Justice (1971) 730, 732-3 Reagan, Ronald 648, 721, 745
Rehn, Gδsta 408 Remington Rand 411
Remond de Montmort, Pierre 42
Essay d’analyse des jeux de hazard (1708) 41-3
rent 255, 436, 542-3, 547, 549, 621 absolute 427
differential
location theory of 6 economic 329 of land 116, 159, 255 theories of 139, 269, 427, 433
Research Centre for Economic Policy 523 Review of Economic Studies (RES) 578, 596,
628, 708, 728
Revue socialiste 254
Rheinische Zeitung 211 Ricardo, David 62, 69, 96, 108-10, 111,
114-18, 120, 124-6, 128-35, 138, 140,
145, 155, 157, 162, 172, 185-6, 188, 212, 219-20, 222, 297, 306, 343, 347-8, 352, 356, 369, 380, 419, 423-4, 434, 516, 535, 546, 549, 606, 663, 676, 712, 726 corn ratio theory of 129, 152, 542-3 criticisms of 224-5 doctrine of value and distribution 124-7, 139, 154-5, 431
The Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock; Shewing the Inexpediency of Restrictions on Importation (1815) 121, 129, 134, 150-51, 542-3
The High Price of Bullion, a Proof of the
Depreciation 109-10, 120
Ingot Plan 122 method of analysis 125-7 monetary theory of 127 Notes on Malthus 111-12
On the Principles of Political Economy, and Taxation (1817) 121-3, 126-7, 129-30, 132-5, 137-8, 151
rent theory 132, 139, 269, 383, 427, 433 Plan for the Establishment of a National
Bank (1823) 122, 242
Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency (1816) 122
Reply to Mr. Bosanquet’s ‘Practical
Observations on the Report of the
Bullion Committee’ (1811) 109, 120-21 support for free trade 135-7 theorem of comparative advantage 137 theory of wages 190 use of mathematics 297 uses for Say’s law 133
Rickert, Heinrich 275
Rist, Charles 443
Riviere, Pierre-Paul Lemercier de la 34, 37
L’ordre naturel et essential des societes politiques (1767) 36
Robbins, Lionel Charles 308, 311-12, 453, 530-31, 625-6, 631, 639, 656, 721 Economic Planning and the International Order (1937) 561
Essay on the Nature and Signifi cance of
Economic Science (1932) 530
The Evolution of Modern Economic Theory (1970) 532
The Great Depression (1934) 531 A History of Economic Thought (2000) 532 The Theory of Economic Development in the
History of Economic Thought (1968) 532
The Theory of Economic Policy (1965) 532 Robertson, Dennis 2, 454, 625
Robinson, Austin 475, 535, 592, 625 Robinson, Joan Violet 359, 475, 493, 521, 535-6, 548, 553, 555, 568-9, 575, 592, 595, 605, 613-14, 625-6, 639, 741, 744
The Accumulation of Capital 594
Collected Economic Papers
“Beauty and the beast” 592-3
“The unimportance of reswitching” 594
The Economics of Imperfect Competition (1933) 592-3, 613
The Theory of Imperfect Competition (1933) 552
Rockefeller Foundation 509, 515, 518, 524, 617
Rodbertus, Karl 283, 427 Rrederer, Pierre-Louis 76-7
Romani, Paul-Marie 75
Romania 578
Roncaglia, Alessandro 8, 140 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 451
New Deal 504, 688
Rδpke, Wilhelm 506
Roscher, Wilhelm Georg Friedrich 206-7, 274, 285, 363
Ansichten der Volkswirthschaft aus dem geschichtlichen Standpunkte (Views of Economics from the Historical Point of View) (1861) 207
Geschichte der National-Oekonomik in Deutschland (History of Political Economy in Germany) (1874) 206
Grundriβ zu Vorlesungen uber die Staatswirthschaft, nach geschichtlicher Methode (Outline of Lectures on the Public Economy, Using the Historical Method) (1842) 206
Politik: Geschichtliche Naturlehre der Monarchie, Aristokratie und Demokratie (Politics: Historical Natural Doctrine of Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy) (1892) 206-7
System der Volkswirthschaft. Hand- und Lesebuch fur Geschdftsmanner und Studierende (System of Economics. Hand- and Reading Book for Businessmen and Students) 206
Die Grundlagen der Nationalokonomie (The Foundations of Economics), 208-9
“Zur Lehre von den Absatzkrisen” (“On the doctrine of sales crises”) (1849) 208 Rossi, Pellegrino 96, 284, 434 Rothbard, Murray 292, 464
Rotwein, Eugene 50
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 89-90, 91,92, 164 concept of “general will” 89
Discours 59
Du contrat social (1762) 73, 89
Emile 107
Royal Agricultural Society of Brittany 34 Royal Economic Association 599
Royal Economic Society (RES) 535, 602
The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo 127, 535-6, 542
Royal Society 5, 28, 57
Royal Statistical Society 315, 419
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 139, 419, 602
Rubin, Isaak Illich
Essays on Marx’s Theory of Value (1928) 227
Ruchonnet, Louis 247
Ruge, Arnold 212
Russell, Bertrand
Principles of Mathematics 587
Russian Empire 226, 523
Cheka 616
February Revolution (1917) 399
Moscow 621
October Revolution (1917) 395-6, 523 Smolensk 431
Solenoye 399
St Petersburg 42, 148, 395, 419, 461, 616, 619
Russian Federation 619
Rustow, Alexander 506
Rutgers University 648
Saint-Peravy, Guerineau de 74, 76-8
Saint Petersburg Paradox 42-3 solutions to 174
Saint Petersburg University 399 Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de 165, 246 Salin, Edgar 209, 278
Salvadori, Neri 103, 131, 136, 140, 548-9, 589, 617
Samuelson, Paul Anthony 139, 161, 227-8, 337, 359, 438, 510, 519, 581, 594, 603-4, 634, 645, 656, 658-9, 661, 664, 666-7, 675, 695, 712, 714, 721, 725, 741, 748 “An exact consumption-loan model of interest with or without the social contrivance of money” (1958) 665 overlapping generations (OLG) model 665
Foundations of Economic Analysis (1947) 642, 658, 660-62, 734
influence on international trade theory 664 public goods theory 665 welfare economics 666
“Pure theory of public expenditures” 665 A Revision of Demand Theory (1956) 604 Samuelson-Houthakker theory 662 Samuelson-Le Chatelier principle 661-2 Sax, Emil 292, 379
Say, Jean-Baptiste 96, 114, 145, 157, 164-5, 167, 171-2, 181, 187-8, 284, 569
Traite d’economiepolitique (1803) 98, 101, 114-15, 117
Say, Leon 246
Scarf, Herbert 702
Schabas, Margaret 50 Schaffle, Albert 268
Scheel, Hans von 292
Schefold, Bertram 134, 207, 276, 278, 343, 548 Schelle, Gustave 74
Schiller, Friedrich
“An die Freude” 198
Schmidt, Conrad 227
Schmoller, Gustav Friedrich von 168, 272-3, 275-7, 290-91, 404,410
“Die Volkswirtschaft, die Volkswirtschaftslehre und ihre
Methode” (1893) 277
founder of Verein fur Socialpolitik 274
Grundriβ der allgemeinen Volkswirtschaftslehre 272, 275-6, 277-8
Schmollers Jahrbuch 275
Schneider, Erich 485, 623
Schonberg, Gustav 292
Handbuch der politischen Okonomie 394 Schooten, Frans van
Exercitationum mathematicarum (1657)
41
Schor, Juliet
The Overworked American (1991) 640 Schultz, Henry 327, 658
Schumacher, E.F. 638
Schumacher, Hermann 161
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois 2, 37, 95-6, 101, 107, 125, 145, 185, 209, 234-5, 272, 283, 289, 309, 388, 410, 413, 440, 458, 484, 486-92, 496, 518, 552, 557, 595, 617, 619, 658
Business Cycles 486, 489, 494
Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (1942) 486, 489-90, 493, 495
Das Wesen und der Hauptinhalt der theoretischen Nationalokonomie (The Nature and Scope of Theoretical Economics) (1908) 484, 487
dynamic theory of capital 341 entrepreneurial theory of change 492
Epochen der Dogmen- und Methodengeschichte (Economic Doctrine and Method) (1914) 488
History of Economic Analysis 48, 272, 440, 486, 488, 490, 494-5
Ten Great Economics (1952) 487
Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (Theory of Economic Development) (1912) 229, 485, 488-9
Theory of Economic Development (1934) 342, 485-6,489,611
Vergangenheit und Zukunft (1915) 488
Schutz, Alfred 464
Schutz, Carl von 273
Scitovsky, Tibor 638-9
“Ignorance is a source of oligopoly power” (1950) 639
The Joyless Economy (1976) 639-40
“On the principle of consumer sovereignty” (1962) 639
“The political economy of consumers’ rationing” (1942) 639
“A reconsideration of the theory of tariffs” (1942) 639
Scitovsky Reversal Paradox 639
Welfare and Competition (1951) 639
“What price economic progress?” (1959) 639
Scorza, G. 333
Scuola Superiore di Commercio of Bari 367 Scuole Superiori di Commercio 368
Second World War (1939-45) 84, 388, 462, 482, 498, 501, 507, 519-20, 568, 583, 600, 610, 618, 648, 655, 660-62, 666, 685, 688, 698-9, 712, 714, 723
Seidenfeld, Teddy 669
Seligman, Edwin R. 153-4
Sen, Amartya Kumar 663, 728-31 Commodities and Capabilities (1985) 730 concept of “menu-dependence” 731-2
The Idea of Justice (2008) 732-3 influence on
social choice theory 728-30 welfare economics 728
Poverty and Famines (1981) 730
Senior, Nassau William 96, 434
Seton, Francis 227
Seven Years’ War (1755-64) 48
Shackle, George Lennox Sharman 596-7 Epistemics and Economics (1972) 598 Expectations, Investment and Income (1938) 597-8
The Years of High Theory (1967) 597
Shanyavsky People’s University (Moscow) 399 Shapiro, Carl 744
Shapley, Lloyd 691, 702
Shaw, Edward S. 685
Shaw, George Bernard 311
Shiller, Robert
Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism (2009) 737
Shove, Gerald 454, 613 Sidgwick, Henry 295, 452
The Economics of Industry (1879) 281, 295 The Elements of Politics 280
Methods of Ethics (1874) 280
Principles of Political Economy (1883) 280-81
Siebeck, Paul 394
Sieg, Wilfried 669
Signorino, Rodolfo 131, 137
Silva, Jean-Baptiste 28 Simmel, Georg 385-6
The Philosophy of Money 385-7
Simon, Herbert Alexander 669-70 Administrative Behavior (1947) 670 Models of Discovery (1977) 671 Models of My Life (1991) 672-3 Raffaele Mattioli Lectures (1993) 673
Singer, Hans 485
Sismondi, Jean-Charles Leonard Simonde de 77, 144, 204, 443
De la Richesse commercial (1803) 98, 145 Etudes sur l’economiepolitique (1837) 145 Etudes sur les sciences sociales 145
History of Italian Republics (1808-17) 144 Tableau de l’agriculture toscane (1801) 145 Skinner, Andrew S. 64, 67
Slutsky, Evgeny Evgenievich 327, 337, 412, 461,519
Slutsky equation 461-2
Theory of Correlation and Elements of Distribution Curves Theory (1912) 461-2
Smith, Adam 6, 10, 16, 57-8, 64-5, 68-70, 108, 114, 125, 127, 131, 133, 135, 144, 167, 185, 222, 273, 285, 293, 490, 535-6, 544, 557, 564, 594-5, 632-3, 662, 726, 743 “Considerations concerning the first formation of languages, and the different genius of original and compounded languages” (1761) 60 Essays on Philosophical Subjects (1795) 59-60, 68
monetary theory of 62-3 theory of economic growth 61-2 theory of labour 165, 193
The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759)
58- 60, 67, 70
theory of natural and market price 20, 61, 115, 237
theory of value 99, 150-51
The Wealth of Nations (1776) 20, 48, 54, 57,
59- 64, 66-70, 97-8, 104, 115, 118, 120, 349, 661
Smith College 320
social choice theory 728 impossibility theorem 91, 690-93, 729
Social Democratic Party (SDP) 215 social equilibrium 334-6 social mathematic 87-8 examples of 88-9 social product 125, 225 annual 222 distribution
natural law of 321
net 152
share of 321
Social Science Research Council (SSRC) 446 socialism 9, 146, 171, 192, 197, 226, 237, 274,
364, 389-90, 399, 465, 558, 561, 563, 568,
573, 610-12, 631, 745 democratic 629 economic theory of 401-2 evolutionary 190 market 561, 578, 745 opposition to 172 revolutionary 215
Societa Anonima delle Strade Ferrate
(Railways Company Limited) 323 Societe d’economie politique 234 Societa delle Ferriere Italiane (Italian
Ironworks Company) 323
Societa dell’Industria del Ferro (Iron Industry Company) 323
Societe de statistique de Paris 234 Society for Psychical Research 281 sociology 216-18, 227, 276, 292, 331, 333, 370,
374, 385-7, 391, 395-6, 462, 489, 492, 504,
528, 610, 616, 640, 672, 712 development of 386-7 fiscal 337, 485, 493 political 330
Solow, Robert Merton 359, 417, 581, 660, 665, 675, 677, 714, 741-2, 748 growth models of 576-7, 714-17
Sombart, Werner 276-8, 374, 616-17
Der modern Kapitalismus (1902) 396 Sonnenschein, H. 703 Sorel, Georges 194
South Africa 383
South Sea Bubble 22
Soviet Union (USSR) 504, 610, 656
Central Statistical Office
Institute of Experimental Statistics and Statistical Methodology 462 economy of 655-6
Moscow 462, 616, 655
National Committee of Finance
Business Cycle Institute 462 Sovietology 655-6
Spain 19, 25, 40
Speer, Albert 638
Spence, Michael 737, 746
Spencer, Herbert 363, 374
Psychology 298
Spiethoff, Arthur 278, 400, 440-42
Business Cycles (1953) 440
Die wirtschaftlichen Wechsellagen. Aufschwung, Krise, Stockung (1955) 440
Sraffa, Piero 48, 69, 123, 124, 127, 129, 131, 139, 140, 152, 155, 159, 227, 228, 229, 308, 343, 359, 368, 423, 427, 428, 454, 475, 532, 534-49, 553, 560, 568, 589, 606, 617, 625, 741
“The bank crisis in Italy” 534
critiques of 543
Alfred Marshall 535-8, 544-5, 548
David Ricardo 129, 152, 542-3 Friedrich von Hayek 539-40 John Maynard Keynes 540-42
Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities (1960) 228, 535, 546-9, 588
“value theory of labour” 546
The Works and Correspondence of David
Ricardo (1951-73) 139, 154-5
Stackelberg, Heinrich von 408, 621-2
Die Grundzuge der theoretischen Volkswirtschaftslehre (Principles of Economic Theory) (1943) 623
“Kapital und Zins in der stationaren Verkehrswirtschaft” (“Capital and interest in a stationary economy”) (1941) 623
market analysis by 622-3
Marktform und Gleichgewicht 622
Stael, Germaine de 115
Stalin, Josef 568
Stanford University 649, 691, 698
Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace 649
Stark, Werner
Jeremy Bentham’s Economic Writings (1952-4) 95
state interventionism 405, 465
Steedman, Ian 201, 226, 228, 538, 546, 548-9
Stein, Lorenz von 268
Steindl, Josef 229
Steuart, James (James Denham-Steuart) 99
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (1767) 54-6, 98
Stewart, Dugald 70
Stigler, George J. 185, 188, 190, 632
Stiglitz, Joseph Eugene 552, 737, 741, 744
Dixit-Stiglitz partial equilibrium model of monopolistic competition 744-5, 748
Globalization and Its Discontents (2002) 746 influence on growth theory 741-2
Kenya research trip 742-4
Whither Socialism? (1994) 745
St Katherine’s Dock Company 148
Stockholm School 360, 407-8, 509, 511 formation of 350
Stockholm University (University College of Stockholm) 348
stocks and shares 159, 266, 312-13, 316, 354, 444, 459, 572, 593, 679
capital 252
government 22 issuance of 376 precautionary 14-15 prices 436
speculative 13-14
Stoicism 67
Stolper, Wolfgang 485, 491, 634, 664
Stone, Richard 625, 676
Storch, Heinrich von 169
Cours d’economie politique 168
Strauβ, David Friedrich 347
Streissler, Erich 209
Strigl, Richard von 621 subsistence wage theory 158, 160
Svavitsky, N.A. 461
Svennilsson, Ingvar 509
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 518, 528, 557, 581, 592-3, 602, 616, 625, 631, 642, 649, 652, 659-60, 666, 682, 691, 698-701, 714, 728, 734, 737, 746, 753
Sweden 349, 358, 404, 529, 568
Social Democratic Party 528
Stockholm 347, 350
Uppsala 509
Sweezy, Paul M. 227, 229, 486
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in
Zurich (ETH Zurich) 582
Swiss Statistical Office 203
Switzerland 108, 323, 367, 653
Basel 40-41
Geneva 57, 145, 464, 625, 628
Jena 203
Lausanne 101, 245-8, 351, 410
systems of national accounts (SNAs) 656
Takata, Yasuma 712
Tarascio, Vincent 337
Tarde, Gabriel 374
Tarski, Alfred 690
Taussig, Frank 486
taxation 24, 26, 87-8, 126, 137, 268, 350, 352-4, 380, 509, 588, 678
development of 87-8 income 88 just 353 of property 123 optimal 745
Taylor, Fred M.
On the Economic Theory of Socialism 610
Tchetverikov, N.S. 461
Tchuprov, A.A. 461
Teller, Edward 583
Thomas (disciple of Jesus) 7
Thornton, Henry 104, 209, 243
An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain (1802) 104
gold points mechanism 105
theory of money 148
Thunen, Johann Heinrich von 157-62, 201, 283, 290, 321, 351, 726, 750
Der Isolierte Staat (1826) 157-8, 160-62 Description of the Agriculture in the Village of Gross-Flottbeck 157
Isolated State Model 157-9, 162, 208 components of 159
marginal productivity theory of 157-60
Tillich, Paul 514
Tinbergen, Jan 518, 599-601, 626 business cycle model of 600-601
Tisch, Clare 486
Tobin, James 486, 570, 639, 658, 675-8 influence on
neoclassical growth theory 677, 679 Money, Credit and Capital (1998) 677 q theory of investment 675, 678-9 theory of general equilibrium 679 Tobin tax 675
transactions demand for money models of 676-7
Tooke, Thomas 148, 243
Considerations on the State of the Currency (1826) 148
opposition to Bank Act 149
Torrens, Robert 124, 145, 150-55
The Economists Refuted (1808) 150, 152-3 Essay on Money and Paper Currency (1812) 154
Essay on the External Corn Trade (1815) 150-53
Essay on the Production of Wealth (1821) 151, 153
Letter to Lord Melbourne (1837) 154 Letters on Commercial Policy (1833) 153 Letters to Lauderdale (1816) 154
On the Operation of the Bank Charter Act of 1844, as it Affects Commercial Credit (1847) 154
Principles and Practical Operation of Sir Robert Peel’s Bill of 1844 (1848) 154 theory of value and distribution 150-51 Tozer, John Edward 139 trade theory 11-12, 20, 24, 46, 96-7, 159, 329, 341,449, 604, 749 carrying 25 foreign 14-15, 24, 55 free 9-10, 13-14, 135-6, 171, 256, 292 grain 29, 36 imperfect competition 434, 454, 568, 575, 621-3, 628, 632, 725, 748-9
pure 571 international 25, 324, 626-7, 664, 750
cycles 515 intra-industry 748 neoclassical theory of 407, 629
Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (HOS) model 748-9
new economic geography (NEG) models of 751-2
surplus 21 Treaty of Rome (1957) 521, 722 Tucker, Albert 791
Tucker, Josiah
Elements of Commerce (1755) 98 Reflections on the Expediency (1751) 73-4 Tugan-Baranovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich
399-401, 568
cycle and crises theories of 228, 400-401 Industrial Crises in Contemporary England (1894) 400
Periodic Industrial Crises. A History of English Crises. A General Theory of Crises 400
Russian Factory in Past and Present. Historical Development of the Russian Factory in the Nineteenth Century (1898) 399
Tullock, Gordon 683
The Calculus of Consent (1962) 683 Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques 14, 34, 37, 57,
69, 73-4, 76-9, 81, 83-4, 89 Memoire sur lesprets d’argent (1770) 78-80
Reflexions sur la formation et la distribution des richesses 74, 80
Turgot, Michel-Etienne 73 Tversky, Amos 640
Ukraine 399, 485, 648
Kiev 399, 523
Lviv 283
Odessa 399, 616
Ulam, Stanislaw 583
unemployment 17, 55, 107, 123, 134, 145, 273, 352-3, 356, 376, 382-3, 405, 441,477-8, 569, 605, 687, 743-4
involuntary 407, 455, 650, 706, 709-10, 726
mass 568
natural rate of 360, 652 technological 135
United Arab Republic 520
United Kingdom (UK) 19, 25, 51, 59,
148-9, 263, 473, 515, 523, 536, 568, 613, 632
Act of Union (1707) 16
Bank Act 149
Bank Charter Act (1844) 242
Bank Restriction Act (1797) 117
banking crises
(1857) 242
(1866) 242
Bristol 48, 295
Cambridge 534, 596, 728, 741-2
Civil Service 458, 470, 559, 614
Committee on Higher Education 530
Corn Laws 110
economic crisis (1857) 213-14
Edinburgh 16, 48, 54, 58
Glasgow 57 government of
Economic Section 530
India Office 471
Kirkcaldy 57
Labour Party 629-30
Liberal Party 383, 473-4
London 16, 20, 22, 57, 95, 120, 148, 203, 213-15, 242, 311, 348, 382, 459, 471, 530, 559, 578, 587, 610, 613, 631
London Stock Exchange 120-21 Manchester 515
Norfolk 575
Oxford 295, 515
Parliament 104, 121, 150, 592
Committees of Secrecy 104
House of Commons 120, 122
House of Lords 470, 629
Select Committee on the High Price of Gold Bullion 148
Reform Bill (1832) 150
Tory Party 104
Whig Party 104, 110, 139, 494-5
Treasury Department 458, 468, 648
War Cabinet 485, 592, 625
Warwick 602
United Nations (UN) 509
Commission on Employment and Economic Stability 520
Declaration of Human Rights 164
Office of Secretariat 568-9
Department of Economic Affairs 568
Security Council 610
World Economic Report 568
United States of America (USA) 167, 242, 268, 295, 320, 375, 391, 470, 482, 503, 518, 523, 528, 559-61, 617, 631-2, 665, 698
Albany, NY 748
Ann Arbor, MI 634
Baltimore, MD 655
Bluefield, WV 718
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 618
Cambridge, MA 359, 552, 741
Cato, WI 374
Champaign-Urbana, IL 675
Chicago, IL 374, 376, 446, 610, 658
Civil War (1861-5) 446
Congress 655
House of Representatives 405
Council of Economic Advisors 675, 737, 745
Declaration of Independence 57
Democratic Party 449-50, 659
economy of 320, 753
Federal Communications Commission 632
Federal Reserve 450, 579, 737
Board of Governors 643, 685
Gary, IN 741
government of 447
La Conner, WA 552
Los Angeles, CA 523
Murfreesboro, TN 682
National Banking System 450
National Resources Planning Board 658
New Haven, CT 410, 737
New York 617, 648, 714
Northampton, MA 320
Office of Strategic Services (OSS) 655
Palo Alto, CA 377
Progressive Party 450
Providence, RI 320
Republican Party 449, 451
Rushville, IL 446
Santa Monica, CA 655
Scranton, PA 449
Taconic, CT 487
Tallahassee, FL 578
US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Social Science Advisory Board 655
Washington DC 582, 610, 649, 675 University College London 262, 311-12 University of Berlin 275, 392, 582, 616-17, 621
University of British Colombia, Vancouver 721
University of Budapest 582
Faculty of Law 638
University of California, Berkeley 578, 639, 685, 698, 737
Haas School of Business 523
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 525, 565, 682
University of California, Santa Cruz 639 University of Camerino 379
University of Chicago 446, 498, 524, 536, 564, 649, 658, 670, 682, 706, 721, 734, 741
Committee on Social Thought 564
Law School 632
University of Cologne 621
University of Edinburgh 48, 54, 186
University of Freiburg 391, 564-5
University of Glasgow 48, 57
University of Hamburg 582
University of Heidelberg 268, 385, 392, 523, 634
University of Jena 211
University of Kiel 515
University of Kristiania 518
University of Lausanne 245, 249, 323, 327, 337
University of Lund 404, 509
University of Macerata 379
University of Marburg 203
University of Michigan 552, 634
University of Naples 367, 379
University of Paris 443, 642
University of Perugia 534
University of Prague 363, 440
University of Rochester 634
University of Rome 367-8, 379, 388
University of Stockholm 405
University of Strasbourg 274, 385, 419
University of Tennessee 682
University of Texas, Austin 655
University of Tokyo 725
University of Tubingen 273
Faculty of State Sciences 167
University of Turin 323, 388
Scuola di Applicazione per Ingegneri 323 University of Virginia 682
Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in
Political Economy 683
University of Washington 721
University of Zurich 203
Uppsala University 348, 509
US Philippine Commission 450
USSR Academy of Sciences
V.A. Steklov Institute of Mathematics 462 utilitarianism 98-9, 107, 316-19, 729
utility 337, 731-2
analysis of 181-2
expected (EU) 584-5 functions 287, 581, 701, 707
Cobb-Douglas 327 social 334
marginal 200, 287, 700
Austrian 465
maximization 199
measurement of 518
public 183
Uzawa, Hirofumi 712, 741
Uzbekistan
Tashkent 462
Vacherot, Etienne
La metaphysique et la science ou principes de metaphysique positive (1858) 258 value 78, 298, 351,406-7
esteem value 78-81
labour theory of 664 marginal valuation 364 natural 364
supreme 402 theories of 175, 189, 350-51 neoclassical 351
Vaubourg, J.-B. Desmarets de 9 Veblen, Thorstein Bunde 168, 320, 374, 446
The Engineers and Price System (1921) 377
Imperial Germany and the Industrial
Revolution (1915) 377
An Inquiry Into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of its Perpetuation (1917) 377
The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of Industrial Arts (1914) 376
social theory of 375-6
The Theory of Business Enterprise 376
The Theory of Leisure Class (1899) 374-5
The Vested Interest and the State of Industrial Arts (1919) 377
Venables, Anthony
The Spatial Economy (1999) 751
Verein fur Socialpolitik 272, 392, 394, 506 founding of (1872) 274
Vienna Conference (1909) 277
Veron de Forbonnais, Franρois, see Forbonnais, Franρois Veron de
Verri, Piero 86
Vienna University 283-4, 464, 485, 557-8, 602
Law Faculty 363
Vigne, Jean de la 28
Villeroy, Duke of 28
Vincent, Jacques-Claude-Marie (Marquis of Gournay) 73-4
Viner, Jacob 64, 71, 648, 658
Vining, Rutledge 447
Virginia Polytechnic Institute 682-3
Virginia School of Political Economy 682-3 Vleugels, Wilhelm 268
Voltaire, Franρois Marie Arouet de 29, 36, 57, 83, 89, 198
Wagner, Adolph Heinrich Gotthilf 268-70, 272, 274, 277, 348, 404, 410
theories of 269-70
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon
Colonization of South Australia (1835) 153-4 Wald, Abraham 408, 690, 693
Walras, Auguste 200, 246
Huvres economiques completes 245, 253-5 Walras, Marie-Esprit-Leon 101, 139, 194, 196, 198, 245-7, 254-60, 266, 285, 287, 300, 312-13, 323, 325, 347, 352, 363, 388-9, 402, 406, 410, 419-21, 433, 435, 488, 549, 603, 610, 618, 699, 702, 704, 706-7, 710, 712,725-6,735
Cours d’economie sociale 253, 256
Cours d’economiepolitique appliquee 248, 253, 256
Etudes d’economie sociales 252-4
Elements d’economie politique pure ou theorie de la richesse sociale 247-50, 252-4, 256-9, 324, 389, 420-21, 642-3
Francis Sauveur 246
L’economie politique et la justice 246
Notes d’humeur 253
Huvres economiques completes 245, 253-5
Pure Economics 484
Theorie de la monnaie (1886) 252
Theorie mathematique de la richesse sociale (1877) 247-8
theory of general equilibrium 103, 249-53, 259, 290, 296, 302-3, 368, 406, 421, 487
War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48) 28 Warsaw University 568
Washington University 685
Webb, Beatrice 404
Webb, Sidney 404
Weber, Alfred 162, 523, 634
Weber, Ernst 289
Weber, Max 276-8, 288, 385, 391-5, 397, 499-500
Economy and Society 393-5
General Economic History 499
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism 393, 396-7
Stunde Null 393
Wedderburn, Alexander 58 Weimar Republic 507, 514, 523, 634 welfare economics 201, 264, 280, 307, 324-5, 328, 330, 332-3, 337, 452, 456, 578-9, 655-6, 663, 666, 682, 694, 728 compensation principle 190 development of 307, 317, 347, 644 Kaldor-Hicks 604
new 389-90, 604
Wennerlind, Carl 52
Werturteilsstreit 277
Western Management Science Institute 525 Westphalen, Jenny von 212
Whewell, William 139
Wicksell, Knut 105, 132, 139, 161, 270, 342, 347-50, 355, 404, 407, 413, 458, 509-10, 512, 527, 569, 603, 636, 663, 710
Finanztheoretische Untersuchungen nebst Darstellung und Kritik des Steuerwesens Schwedens (1896) 348-9, 353, 682 influence in
capital/monetary theory 354, 511 income distribution theory 351-3 public finance theory 353-4, 359-60
Interest and Prices (1898) 356
Lectures on Political Economy 349-52, 355, 510
On Value, Capital and Rent (1893) 354 Selected Essays in Economics (1997) 359 theory of
capitalistic production 355-6 cumulative deflation 358, 360 inflation 359-60
modernized quantity 356-7 monetarism 358
value 350
Uber Wert, Kapital und Rente 348, 510 Wicksell effect 356
Wicksteed, Philip Henry 216, 227, 311-13, 327, 351
The Alphabet of Economic Science (1888)
311
Common Sense of Political Economy (1910)
312
demand and supply curve of 312-13
Essay on the Co-ordination of the Laws of the Distribution (1894) 311
Wieser, Friedrich von 363-4, 410, 434, 484, 557-8
Das Gesetz der Macht (The Law of Power) (1926) 365
Der naturliche Werth (1889) 364
Law of Cost 364
Theorie der gesellschaftlichen Wirtschaft
365
theory of
marginal utility 364, 431, 435
Uber den Ursprung und die Hauptgesetze des wirtschaftlichen Werthes (1884) 364
Wilbrandt, Robert 277
Wilhelm, Kaiser 274
Willard Gibbs, Josiah 410, 661 Williamite-Jacobite War (1689-91) 19
Treaty of Limerick (1691) 19
Wilson, Edward 16
Wilson, Edwin Bidwell 658
Wilson, James 242
Winch, Donald 109
Windelband, Wilhelm 275
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 535
Philosophical Investigations 535
Wolf, Julius 227, 277
Wolowski, Louis 234, 247
Wooddeson, Richard 144
Woodford, Michael
Interest and Prices (2003) 360
World Bank 470, 482, 745
Wundt, Wilhelm 290
Wurttembergische Jahrbucher 273
Xenophon 203
The Yale Review 320
Yale University 321, 374, 410, 412, 518-19, 525, 639, 671, 676, 698, 737, 748
Yasnopolsky, L.N. 462
Young, Allyn 454, 458, 595
Young, Arthur
Annals of Agriculture (1784-1815) 98
Young Hegelians 211
Younger Historical School 272 Yule, G.U.
An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics 461
Zeitschrift fur das Gesammte Handelsrecht
393
Zeuthen, Frederik 408 Zwiedeneck-Sudenhorst, Otto von 634
More on the topic Index:
- Index
- Author Index
- Index
- Subject Index
- Index
- Data and Empirical Specification
- Pure economic theory - logical action and the “fact of choice”
- List of Figures
- Anthropometric measures of standard of living