We organize our presentation of results by demographic outcome.

We begin with fertility, proceed to nuptiality, and end with mortality. In each case, we begin by presenting relevant indices of levels for regions and state farms. Because differences in levels between regions and state farm systems probably had many causes beyond differences in living standards, we present this information largely as background material and avoid drawing conclusions about living standards from it. We proceed to visual inspection of time trends in the demographic outcome of interest. We conclude with results on time trends and sensitivity to prices from the event-history analysis.

4.1