NOTES TO CHAPTER 16

¹ Walter E. Houghton, The Victorian Frame of Mind, 1830—1870 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957).

² William Edward Hartpole Lecky, History of European Morals from Augustus to Charle­magne (New York: D.

³ Lecky, p. 6.

⁴ Houghton, p. 348.

⁵ Coventry Patmore, The Angel in the House, Vol. 1, The Betrothal (Boston: Tickner and Fields, 1937), p. 135.

⁶ Mrs. Sarah Ellis, The Mothers of England; Their Influence and Responsibility (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1844), pp. 5, 149.

⁷ Jenni Calder, The Victorian Home (London: B. T. Batsford, 1977), p. 145.

⁸ Graham Nown, Mrs. Beeton. 150 Years of Cookery and Household Management (London:

Ward Lock Limited, 1986).

⁹ Kathryn Kish Sklar, Catherine Beecher: A Study in American Domesticity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973).

¹⁰ Sklar, p. 174.

¹¹ Mary P. Ryan. Womanhood in America. From Colonial Times to the Present (New York: New Viewpoints, 1975), p. 150.

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Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, (London: Vision, 1976) Book IV, Ch. 4, p. 274.

John Ruskin, Unto This Last and Other Writings (New York: Penguin, 1985), p. 203.

Ruskin, Unto this Last, p. 222.

Ruskin, p. 168.

Ruskin, p. 189.

David M. Levy, How the Dismal Science Got Its Name: Classical Economics & the Ur-Text

of Racial Politics (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2001).

¹⁸ Francis Isidro Edgeworth, Mathematical Psychics. An Essay on the Application of Math­ematics to the Moral Sciences (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1967), p. 78.

¹⁹ William Stanley Jevons, The Theory of Political Economy (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1965), p.

²⁰ Margaret Schabas, A World Ruled by Number. William Stanley Jevons and the Rise of Mathematical Economics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990).

²¹ William Stanley Jevons, in R. D. Collison Black and Rosamand Konekamp, eds, Papers and Correspondence of William Stanley Jevons, Vol. I. (London: Macmillan, 1972), p. 133.

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²5

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Jevons, Papers and Correspondence, Vol. II, p. 240.

Jevons, Papers, pp. 158, 288, 326.

Ibid., pp. 360—61.

Schabas, A World Ruled by Number, p. 13.

Jevons, Theory of Political Economy, p. 14.

Ibid., pp. 108, 123.

Ibid., p. 172.

Michael V. White, ‘‘Following Strange Gods: Women in Jevon’s Political Economy,”

46—78 in Feminism and Political Economy in Victorian England, Peter Groenewegen, ed. (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1994).

³⁰ Ibid., p. 177.

³¹ In an earlier speech to the trades society in 1868, Jevons invoked the notion of parental duty against efforts to reduce the work day: ‘‘But what I wish especially to point out to you is that a man’s duty to himself after all should give place to his duty to his children and his wife. It is right for a man or for anyone who works to desire to reduce his working hours from ten to eight, but I think he should abstain from doing so until his children are put to

school, and kept there till they are well educated and likely to do better than their parents,” Ibid., p. 109.

³² Jevons, Papers and Correspondence, Volume V, Letter 710.

³³ Schabas, A World Ruled by Number, p. 38, p. 150, note 25.

³⁴ Mark Blaug, Economic Theory in Retrospect, 4th edn (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 296.

³⁵ David Reisman, Alfred Marshall's Mission (New York: St. Martins Press, 1990), p. 98.

³⁶ Ibid., p. 33.

³⁷ Alfred Marshall, Memorials of Alfred Marshall (New York: Augustus M.

³⁸ Ibid., p. 25.

³⁹ Alfred Marshall, ‘‘The Social Possibilities ofEconomic Chivalry,” The Economic Journal 17 (∑9⁰7)^, pp. 7^, 17.

⁴⁰ Peter Groenewegen, ‘‘Alfred Marshall—Women and Economic Development: Labor, Family, and Race,” 79—109 in Peter Groenewegen, ed., Feminism and Political Economy in Victorian England (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1994).

⁴¹ Reisman, Alfred Marshall's Mission, p. 22; Pujol, Feminism and Anti-Feminism in Early Economic Thought, p. 129.

⁴² Keynes, Essays in Biography, p. 242.

⁴³ David A. Reisman, Alfred Marshall's Mission (Palgrave Macmillan, 1990) p. 28. This interpretation was based partly on John Maynard Keynes’s reflections in his Essays on Biography.

⁴⁴ Beatrice Webb, The Diary of Beatrice Webb, Vol. 1, 1873—1892. Glitter Around and Darkness Within, Norman and Jeanne McKenzie, eds (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982), p. 273.

⁴⁵ Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics, first published 1890, 8th edn, (London: Macmillan, 1962) p. 570.

⁴⁶ Marshall, letter to Louis Dumur, July 2, 1909, in Memorials, pp. 459—61.

⁴⁷ Marshall, manuscript note, May 28, 1894, Marshall Archive, cited in Groenewegen and King, p. 1.

⁴⁸ Cited in Reisman, Alfred Marshall’s Mission, p. 210.

⁴⁹ Rita McWilliams-Tullberg, ‘‘Women and Degrees at Cambridge University, 1862— 1897,’’ p. 117—45 in Martha Vicinus, ed., A Widening Sphere. Changing Roles of Victorian Women (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977).

⁵⁰ Michele Pujol, ‘‘Gender and Class in Marshall’s Principles of Economics,’’ Cambridge Journal of Economics, 8 (1984), 217—34; Feminism and Anti-Feminism in Early Economic Thought (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1992).

⁵¹ Pujol, Feminism and Anti-Feminism, p. 136.

⁵² Marshall, Principles of Economics, 8th edn, p. 564.

⁵³ Groenewegen, ‘‘Alfred Marshall,” p. 102.

⁵⁴ Marshall did acknowledge, in passing, the problematic character of his definition ‘‘There is however some inconsistency in omitting the heavy domestic work which is done by women and other members of the household, where no servants are kept,” Principles of Economics, p. 80.