Notes
1 As far as I know, nobody has written on this issue with greater elegance, passion and learning than John Dunn (2005). As will be seen below, however, I dissent from his radical conclusions.
2 This chapter contains a number of assertions for which the evidence may be lacking. It is based on my book Capitalismo, mercato e democrazia (2009a), where clarification and documentation can be found. This general reference obviates the need for numerous notes.
3 A vein of nostalgia that also runs through the fine posthumous volume by Peter Mair (2013).
4 Before the book came out, a homonymous article had made a great stir in The National Interest (Fukuyama 1989).
5 The best normative treatment of how to develop sufficient levels of “fraternity” is to be found in Ferrera (2015, chapter4 and “Conclusion”).
6 Even though they mostly refer to the American case, I found the insights of Achen and Bartels (2016) very useful.
7 Fuller analysis of these extraordinary conditions can be found in my essay in Stato e Mercato (Salvati, 2015).
8 Today it arises because of the competition from low-wage workers in less developed countries. As recent political events have clearly shown, it has become increasingly difficult for the less qualified workers of the advanced countries to maintain the standard of living they were used to. But possibly deeper trends are unfolding that risk leading us into lasting stagnation. This is the thesis of a book by Gordon (2016), which is causing quite a stir. More in general, I am indebted to Karl Polanyi (1944) for the work in his great book, and it should be evident from what I have been writing.
9 This is one of the basic theses of my book mentioned at the beginning of this essay (Salvati, 2009a). It is worth recalling for two reasons. First, there is the apparent paradox of capitalism as both obstacle to and necessary condition for representative democracy. Secondly, it has provoked considerable misgivings, especially for the Left, largely due to an unrealistic distinction between capitalism and a market economy. In the more recent literature, we find representation of the conflict between capitalism and democracy less susceptible to the “reformist” reconciliation, which I still hold to be possible (see, for example, Streeck, 2013; Merkel, 2014; Crouch, 2016).
10 See my afterword (Salvati, 2009b, 325-26).
11 Numerous references might be cited, but for a cogent overview, see the anthology edited by Alessandro Roncaglia (2002).