List of Figures
Transformation of income to utility through goods, material characteristics, capabilities, and functionings 7
Supply and demand for hogs (reproduced from Perkins 1969: 72) 29
Labourers' real wages: the Kinai, 1727-1867 (1802-4=100) 81
Wage differentials: the Kinai, 1732-1865 (1802-4=100) 81
Two series of craftsmen's real wages: the Kanto, 1818-94 (1840-4=100) 83
Real wages in Europe, 1500-1750 (silver wages deflated by CPI) 114
Masons' real wage, 1727-1913, England, Japan, and Italy 116
Building labourers' real wage, 1727-1913, England, Japan, and Italy 117
Farm labourers' real wage, 1727-1913, England, Japan, and Italy 117
Labourers' real wage, 1727-1913, England and Japan 118
Life expectancy at birth, 1500-1850 137
Selected prices relative to the price of bread or grain, 1500-1900: (a) Panel A.
England; (b) Panel B.Paris; (c) Panel C. Holland 148
Movements in the cost of living in top income groups, relative to the cost of living in the bottom 40% or in workers' households: (a) Panel A. England, 1500-1900; (b) Panel B. France, 1500-1900; (c) Panel C. Holland, 1540-1799 162
The price of 1,000 kcal in guilders (1763-1800) 182
The CPI for the western part of the Netherlands, 1450-1800 (1450/74=100; polynomial trend added) 183 Real wages in the western part of the Netherlands, 1450-1800 (1450/74=100; polynomial trend added) 184 Life expectancy and adult male height, late industrial period 232
Per cent urban and average male height 233
Average height of soldiers in Britain and of native born American soldiers 234
Average height of soldiers in Australia and Wurttemberg 235
Median height of conscripts in the Netherlands and France 237
Average height of conscripts in Sweden and Japan 238
Height of Russian recruits by birth year, 1700-99 260
11.1 Five-year lag sum elasticities of mortality for civil and military Croatian parishes, and
Hungarian military heights centred on decade of birth 282
11.2 Historical maternal mortality rates 286
11.3 Risk per day of maternal death, by category 287
11.4 Maternal mortality by age and parity, Slavonian data 290
11.5 Gross maternal, background, and net maternal risk and probability of dying in childbirth, by year,
five-year moving averages for all parities 292
11.6 Net maternal mortality at parities 1 and>1, five-year moving averages 293
11.7 Net maternal mortality and infant mortality, five-year moving averages 293
12.1 Price indices 1700-1800 310
12.2 Number of deaths in Denmark 1700-1814 313
13.1 Taxable land rent for hectare, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1834) 320
13.2 Percentages of mixed crop cultivation, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1834) 321
13.3 Population density in km2, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1823-54) 322
13.4 Adult deaths (daf0). DLM, significance level—lag 0 332
13.5 Adult deaths (d20-60).
DLM significance level—lag 2 33313.6 Child mortality rates (q1-4). DLM, significance level—lag 2 334
14.1 Real wages (day-wage/rye price) in Malmohus County and Sweden, 1766-1895 344
14.2 Life expectancy at birth (e0) in Sweden, 1766/70-1891/95 346
14.3 (a) Age-specific death rates for male children (1-14 years) in Sweden, 1766/70-1891/95; (b)
Age-specific death rates for female children (1-14 years) in Sweden, 1766/70-1891/95 347
14.4 Natural log local rye prices (actual values and HP-trend), 1766/70-1891/95 356
15.1 Prices and trends in Sart, 1811-1910 387
15.2 Prices and trends in Land of Herve, 1846-1910 389
16.1 Estimated population size, 11 Liaoning state farm systems 408
16.2 Annual average of low sorghum prices 411
16.3 Cohort total marital fertility rate (16-50 sui) based on male births 414
16.4 Percentage of men married at different ages in Liaoning 416
16.5 Probability that a male aged 1 sui will die before reaching age 16 sui in Liaoning 419
16.6 Male and female period life expectancy at age 16 sui in Liaoning 419
17.1 Population size of the villages of Shimomoriya and Niita, 1716—1870
17.2 Raw rice prices (ryo per koku) in the market of Aizu, 1716—1863
431
434