Appendix
Table 5.A1 Base values for India in 1595
| Indian units | Grams of silver per metric unit | |
| Commodity prices | ||
| Rice | 20 dam/man | 0.221g/kg |
| Peas | 6 dam/man | 0.087g/l |
| Meat | 65 dam/man | 0.717g/kg |
| Fat1 | 105 dam/man | 1.158g/kg |
| Oil | 80 dam/man | 0.882g/kg |
| Cloth | 3 dam/yard | 0.908g/m |
| Cost of basketb | 101.058 g of silver | |
| Wages | ||
| Unskilled | 3 dam/day | 0.830463 grams of silver/day |
| Skilled | 7 dam/day | 1.937747 grams of silver/day |
| Real wagec | ||
| Unskilled | 0.011294 | |
| Skilled | 0.026352 | |
‘ Fat was ghi.
b Cost of basket obtained by multiplying quantities by silver prices shown here.
c Real wage is wage divided by cost of basket.
Notes: Assumptions about weights, measures, and money: one rupee of 40 dam weighed 11.07284g of pure silver, one man equals 25.1kg, and 1l of peas weighs 0.76kg.
Table 5.A2 Base values for China in late seventeenth century
| Chinese units | Grams of silver per metric unit | |
| Commodity prices | ||
| Rice | 1tael∕shi | 0.555g∕kg |
| Peas | — | [0.219g]∕lc |
| Meat | — | [1.803g]∕kgc |
| Fat1 | — | [2.219g]∕kgc |
| Oil | — | [2∙219g]∕lc |
| Clothb | 0.31 tael/bolt | 2.355g∕m |
| Cost of basketd | 247.3088g of silver | |
| Wage | ||
| Farm | 0.05 tael,/day | 1.553333g of silver/day |
| Real wagee | ||
| Farm | 0.008527 | |
‘ Fat was oil.
b Cloth price is Li's (1998: 149) figure for the net income that producers received from making cloth inflated by Pomeranz's (2000: 319) ratio of output to labour costs.
c Silver prices in brackets calculated as price of rice multiplied by the ratio of the Indian price of the commodity to the Indian price of rice as given in Appendix, Table 5.A1.
d Cost of basket obtained by multiplying quantities in Table 5.1 by silver prices shown here.
e Real wage is wage divided by cost of basket.
Notes: Assumptions about weights, measures (Li 1998: xvi—xvii), and money: one shi of paddy rice weighs 65kg (1.3 dan or picul each weighing 50kg), one bolt of cloth equals 3.63sq. yards or 3.03sq. m, and one tael weight 31.06667g of pure silver.
Table 5.A3 Base values for Japan in 1880—4
| Japanese units | Grams of silver per metric unit | |
| Commodity prices | ||
| Rice | 0.09476 yen/sho | 1.662g/kg |
| Peas | 0.06000 yen/sho | 1.163g/L |
| Meat | — | [5.403]g/kg |
| Far | — | [6.650]g/kg |
| Oil | — | [6.650]g/kg |
| Cloth | 0.502 yen/tan | 3.7530g/m |
| Cost of basketc | 540.3853g of silver | |
| Wage | ||
| Unskilled | 0.2 yen/day | 5.00g of silver/day |
| Skilled | 0.2975 yen/day | 7.44g of silver/day |
| Farm | 0.1975 yen/day | 4.94g of silver/day |
| Real waged | ||
| Unskilled | 0.009200 | |
| Skilled | 0.013685 | |
| Farm | 0.009085 | |
‘ Fat was oil.
b Silver prices in brackets calculated as price of rice multiplied by the ratio of the Indian price of the commodity to the Indian price of rice as given in Appendix, Table 5.A1.
c Cost of basket obtained by multiplying quantities in Table 5.A1 by silver prices shown here.
d Real wage is wage divided by cost of basket.
Notes: Assumptions about weights, measures, and money: oneyen equalled 25g of silver. Ohkawa et al. (1967: 153) state that one sho of rice weighed 1.425kg, while one sho of soy beans weighed 1.29kg. Li (1998: 205, n. 4) reports that one tan of cloth equalled 4.1sq. yards (3.43sq. m2).
Table 5.A4 Base values for England and Italy in 1750—9
| England’ | Northern Italy | |
| Commodity prices (grams of silver per metric units) | ||
| Bread | 1∙37g∕kg | 0.91g∕kg |
| Peas | 0∙42gAg | a58gAg |
| Meat | 333g∕kg | 2.32g∕kg |
| Fatb | 6.89g∕kg | 2.32g∕kg |
| Oil | 3.19g∕kg | 2.32g∕kg |
| Cloth | 4.87g∕m | 8.63g∕m |
| Cost of basketc | 579.736g | 381.982g |
| Wage | ||
| Unskilled | 7.42g∕day | 3.44g∕day |
| Skilled | 11.14g∕day | 5.73g∕day |
| Farm | 5.57g∕day | 2.10g∕day |
| Real waged | ||
| Unskilled | 0.014909 | 0.009737 |
| Skilled | 0.022383 | 0.016229 |
| Farm | 0.011191 | 0.009752 |
‘ Wages shown for England are for Oxford. London wages were 16.70g/day for skilled and 11.14 for unskilled. b Fat was butter in England and oil in Italy.
c Cost of basket obtained by multiplying quantities in Table 5.A1 by silver prices shown here.
d Real wage is wage divided by cost of basket.
Notes: See Allen (2001) for discussion of underlying data.