Appendix

Table 3.A1 The Kinai series: real wage and wage differential indices, 1727—1867 (1802—4—100)

bgcolor=white>137.1 bgcolor=white>96.9 bgcolor=white>—

Year	Day labourers' real wages		Skilled—unskilled differentials
	Agricultural (1)	Kyoto (2)	Rural (3)	Urban (4)
1727	49.9	—	—	—
1728	56.1	—	—	—
1729	55.0	—	—	—
1730	53.0	—	—	—
1731	53.7	—	—	—
1732	46.9	—	141.5	—
1733	42.2	—	145.0	—
1734	—	—	156.8	—
1735	—	—	145.0	—
1736	—	—	132.1	—
1737	—	—	179.0	—
1738	—	—	141.9	—
1739	—	—	111.4	—
1740	—	—	111.4	—
1741	65.5	72.1	111.4	—
1742	58.2	83.7	127.9	—
1743	58.3	77.3	127.9	—
1744	59.4	84.1	145.5	—
1745	59.0	80.7	145.5	—
1746	57.9	94.5	145.5	—
1747	63.1	77.5	—
1748	61.9	91.3	137.1	—
1749	65.5	91.6	137.1	—
1750	66.4	125.0	135.2	—
1751	66.8	134.0	135.2	—
1752	79.9	88.0	121.5	—
1753	90.5	99.7	111.4	—
1754	102.2	106.1	103.4	—
1755	86.8	84.9	107.9	—
1756	74.4	72.7	112.4	—
1757	65.5	77.7	131.6	—
1758	68.3	81.1	133.3	—
1759	71.4	84.7	129.9	—
1760	87.2	87.2	114.9	—
1761	101.9	92.4	104.2	—
1762	—	—	95.2	—
1763	—	—	95.2	—
1764	—	—	108.7	—
1765	—	—	114.9	—
1766	—	—	108.7	—
1767	—	—	108.7	—
1768	—	—	104.2	—
1769	—	—	104.2	—
1770	—	—	104.2	—
1771	—	—	104.2	—
1772	—	—	104.2	—
1773	85.8	—	104.2	—
1774	83.7	—	111.1	—
1775	78.2	—	111.1	—
1776	78.6	—	111.1	—
1777	79.9	—	111.1	—
1778	84.6	—	111.1	—
1779	87.0	—	112.4	—
1780	90.5	—	107.5	—
1781	95.8	—	104.2	—
1782	81.2	—	106.4	—
1783	76.7	—	108.7	—
1784	66.8	—	111.1	—
1785	77.9	—	112.4	—
1786	77.5	—	106.4	—
1787	55.3	—	106.4	—
1788	71.0	—	103.1	—
1789	70.2	—	106.4	—
1790	84.2	—	106.4	—
1791	97.6	91.9	103.1	109.5
1792	87.1	82.5	99.0	104.5
1793	86.5	90.2	99.0	94.9
1794	96.8	87.5	99.0	109.5
1795	94.3	95.4	99.0	97.8
1796	88.1	80.2	101.0	110.9
1797	90.0	81.0	101.0	112.2
1798	91.9	90.8	101.0	102.2
1799	93.8	86.5	101.0	109.5
1800	91.0	96.9	101.0	94.9
1801	90.9	81.8	101.0	112.2
1802	95.7	86.2	101.0	112.2
1803	82.6	98.0	114.9
1804	108.6	135.9	101.0	80.7
1805	106.2	96.8	101.0	110.9
1806	104.7	67.8	101.0	156.0
1807	101.1	67.7	101.0	150.8
1808	92.2	63.8	101.0	146.0
1809	94.6	96.6	101.0	98.9
1810	104.4	104.3	101.0	101.1
1811	102.1	104.2	101.0	98.9
1812	106.4	102.9	100.0	103.4
1813	107.6	114.6	99.0	92.9
1814	98.5	128.5	100.0	76.7
1815	100.1	105.6	99.0	93.9
1816	104.9	105.2	97.1	96.8
1817	103.3	90.4	92.6	105.7
1818	102.0	96.1	95.2	101.1
1819	102.8	99.9	—	98.9
1820	109.2	109.4	—	97.8
1821	102.4	108.0	—	93.9
1822	100.4	100.5	—	98.9
1823	92.8	132.6	—	68.6
1824	87.0	101.0	—	84.4
1825	90.6	99.4	—	93.9
1826	87.0	104.0	—	83.6
1827	91.7	115.6	—	79.3
1828	91.3	134.0	—	68.2
1829	80.4	95.4	—	85.2
1830	93.2	90.9	—	96.8
1831	—	87.3	—	95.9
1832	—	97.7	—	89.3
1833	—	87.0	—	95.9
1834	—	77.0	—	92.9
1835	—	93.1	—	97.8
1836	—	81.8	—	89.3
1837	—	55.1	—	133.0
1838	—	65.3	—	146.8
1839	—	67.3	—	142.3
1840	—	85.3	—	139.4
1841	—	111.3	—	112.2
1842	—	93.0	—	106.0
1843	—	91.1	—	143.8
1844	—	124.0	—	105.3
1845	—	119.4	—	105.3
1846	—	90.4	—	130.2
1847	—	92.6	—	129.0
1848	—	74.7	—	148.4
1849	—	78.7	—	131.5
1850	—	78.0	—	127.8
1851	—	74.3	—	122.1
1852	—	83.1	—	138.0
1853	—	74.6	—	145.2
1854	—	79.9	—	129.0
1855	—	95.4	—	120.0
1856	—	97.3	—	119.0
1857	—	79.3	—	130.2
1858	74.5	—	123.3
1859	—	76.6	—	116.9
1860	—	73.7	—	112.2
1861	—	52.6	—	102.2
1862	—	55.1	—	116.0
1863	—	47.7	—	196.5
1864	—	56.6	—	134.5
1865	—	27.9	—	188.5
1866	—	13.7	—	—
1867	—	14.9	—	—

Notes: Column (1) is for agricultural day labourers in Kami-Kawarabayashi and column (2) for day labourers in Kyoto. The former is a composite of wage rates for various farm tasks, whereas the latter is the spring rate.

The deflator is for Kyoto (1802—4=100).

Column (3) is the ratio of carpenters' to day labourers' wage rate in Kami-Kawarabayashi while column (4) is the ratio of carpenters' wage rate in Osaka to labourers' wage rate in Kyoto (the average of 1802—4 is set at 100). In the base period of 1802—4, the mean money wage rate for spring tasks that Kami-Kawarabayashi agricultural day labourers received was 1.0 monme and that for Kyoto day labourers 0.92 monme per person- day. The mean money wage rate for Kami-Kawarabayashi carpenters in the same period was 2.6 monme and that for Osaka carpenters 4.3 monme per person-day.

Source. Saito (1998: 181-8).

Table 3.A2 The Kanto series: nominal wage indices and real wage indices for Choshi and Edo/Tokyo, 1818—94 (1840-4=100)

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Year	Nominal wage indices		Real wage indices
	Choshi (1)	Edo/Tokyo (2)	Choshi (1)	Edo/Tokyo (2)
1818	91.2	—	125.1	—
1819	84.7	—	113.5	—
1820	83.8	—	110.4	—
1821	84.9	—	109.5	—
1822	83.1	—	107.2	—
1823	81.9	—	109.6	—
1824	82.5	—	112.1	—
1825	84.2	—	109.9	—
1826	86.8	—	107.2	—
1827	87.4	—	117.0	—
1828	90.6	—	115.3	—
1829	86.4	—	99.1	—
1830	88.3	96.2	103.5	112.8
1831	84.4	96.2	96.8	110.3
1832	87.8	96.2	106.0	116.2
1833	89.5	96.2	91.4	98.3
1834	84.0	96.2	74.7	85.5
1835	85.5	96.2	82.8	93.1
1836	88.7	96.2	66.2	71.8
1837	86.8	96.2	48.7	54.0
1838	90.6	96.2	61.3	65.1
1839	93.6	96.2	72.0	74.0
1840	96.6	96.2	91.8	91.4
1841	101.0	96.2	95.2	90.7
1842	101.4	96.2	105.7	100.3
1843	99.8	96.2	107.8	103.9
1844	101.2	115.4	100.8	114.9
1845	100.4	115.4	90.0	103.5
1846	—	115.4	—	101.2
1847	98.5	115.4	91.8	107.5
1848	98.7	117.7	96.4	114.9
1849	100.0	117.7	91.7	108.0
1850	101.5	117.7	76.8	89.0
1851	102.3	117.7	94.5	108.7
1852	104.9	117.7	92.3	103.6
1853	—	117.7	—	102.5
—	120.0	—	93.1
1855	101.4	130.9	85.7	110.7
1856	102.9	130.9	80.7	102.7
1857	99.7	130.9	89.6	117.6

1858	—	130.9	—	107.6
1859	95.3	130.9	82.1	112.7
1860	100.2	130.9	84.1	109.9
1861	99.3	133.5	63.9	85.9
1862	101.4	133.5	69.4	91.3
1863	115.9	133.5	77.4	89.2
1864	119.3	138.8	73.9	85.9
1865	128.9	138.8	55.8	60.1
1866	151.0	158.2	46.9	49.2
1867	154.2	158.2	44.6	45.8
1868	156.9	158.2	55.7	56.1
1869	160.2	276.9	35.5	61.3
1870	169.1	299.1	32.3	57.2
1871	165.3	299.1	37.7	68.2
1872	—	299.1	—	93.3
1873	—	338.0	—	103.9
1874	329.7	338.0	87.2	89.4
1875	327.7	344.7	78.6	82.6
1876	341.8	344.7	97.9	98.7
1877	351.6	348.2	97.6	96.6
1878	354.7	348.2	87.9	86.3
1879	347.3	369.0	64.5	68.6
1880	384.1	387.5	59.4	60.0
1881	484.7	391.4	66.8	53.9
1882	599.5	391.4	95.0	62.0
1883	—	—	—	—
1884	544.2	383.5	140.5	99.0
1885	—	—	—	—
1886	—	383.5	—	99.8
1887	484.9	383.5	129.0	102.0
1888	483.0	383.5	130.4	103.6
1889	—	383.5	—	91.8
1890	473.4	383.5	90.3	73.2
1891	—	383.5	—	84.3
1892	—	383.5	—	81.7
1893	477.9	383.5	102.4	82.2
1894	—	383.5	—	74.5

Notes: Column (1) is for soy-sauce makers' yearly pay in Choshi while column (2) is for building craftsmen's wage rates in Edo/Tokyo.

The deflator for both columns is the Edo/Tokyo cost-of-living index series (1840-4=100). In the base period of 1840—4, the mean money wage earnings in Choshi's soy-sauce making are 12.0 ryo for the master, 6.4 ryo for head workers, and 4.8 ryo for lads per person-year, the weighted average being 5.32 ryo. In Edo, the mean money wage rate in the same period was 0.084 ryo for masons, 0.1174 ryo for tatami makers, 0.062 ryo for thatchers, and 0.0948 ryo for sawyers. The average, both weighted and unweighted, happens to be 0.09 ryo per person- day.

Source. Saito (1998: 189—92).

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Source: Allen R.C., Bengtsson T., Dribe M.. Living Standards in the Past: New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe. Oxford University Press,2005. - 495 p.. 2005

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