NOTES TO CHAPTER 17
1 Joan Scott, Gender and History (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988), pp. 113-38.
2 Census of Great Britain, 1851, vol. 1. Population, British Parliamentary Papers (Dublin: Irish University Press, 1970) p.
lxxxviii.3 Celia Davies, ‘‘Making Sense of the Census in Britain and the U.S.A.: The Changing Occupational Classification and the Position of Nurses,” Sociological Review 28:3 (1980), pp. 581—609.
4 1881 Census of England and Wales, 1881, British Parliamentary Papers (Dublin: Irish University Press, 1970), p. 63.
5 Ibid., p. 66.
6 1891 Census of England and Wales, 1891, British Parliamentary Papers (Dublin: Irish University Press, 1970), p. 58.
7 Desley Deacon, ‘‘Political Arithmetic: The Nineteenth Century Australian Census and the Construction of the Dependent Woman,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 11:1 (1985), p. 35.
8 Christian Topalov, ‘‘Une revolution dans les representations du travail: LYmergence de la categories statistique de ‘population active’ au XIXe siecle en France, en Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis,’’ Revue Francaise de Sociologie 40:3 (1999), p. 469.
9 James Phinney Munroe, A Life of Francis Amasa Walker (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1923), p. 328; Robert Solow, ‘‘What Do We Know that Francis Amasa Walker Didn’t?’’ History of Political Economy 19:2 (1987), pp. 183—90.
10 William Leach, True Love and Perfect Union, (New York: Basic Books, 1980), pp. 292—322.
11 Memorial of Mary F. Eastman, Henrietta L. T. Woolcott, and others, officers of the Association for the Advancement of Women, praying that the tenth census may contain a just enumeration of women as laborers and producers, Senate Miscellaneous Documents, 45th Congress, 2nd Session, Vol.
2, No. 84 (Serial Set, 1786).12 The Census of Massachusetts: 1875 (Boston: Albert J. Wright, 1876), p. xlix.
13 Ibid., p. l.
14 Ibid., p. xxv.
15 Massachusetts Bureau of Labor Statistics, Twentieth Annual Report of the Bureau of the Statistics of Labor (Boston: Wright and Potter Printing Company, December 1889), p. 579: ‘‘To be sure, they (housewives) receive no stated salary or wage, but their work is surely worth what it would cost to have it done, supposing that the housewife, as such, did no work at all. There were 372,612 housewives in Massachusetts in 1885, and only 300,999 women engaged in all other branches of industry. If a housewife were not expected nor required to work, then for the labor of 372,612 women paid service would have to be substituted. Such a demand for labor could not be supplied by the inhabitants of the State itself. Consequently, as the labor of the housewives was absolutely necessary to allow society to exist in its present form, the housewife is certainly ‘in industry.’ As has been stated, she is excluded from the previous tables in this Part for conventional and arbitrary reasons alone. The housewife is as much a member of the army of workers as the clerk or cotton weaver, and too often supplements the toil of the day, ‘in industry’ with household duties performed at home, but outside of the ‘in industry’ classification.’’
16Flora McDonald Thompson, ‘‘The Servant Question,’’ Cosmopolitan XXVIII (March 1900), pp. 521—8.
17Richard T. Ely and George Ray Wicker, Elementary Principles of Economics: Together With A Short Sketch of Economic History (New York, Macmillan Co., 1904), p. 117.
18William Smart, The Distribution of Income (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1899), p. 69.
19 William Smart, Studies in Economics (London: Macmillan and Co., 1895).
20 Irene van Staveren, ‘‘Feminist Fiction and Feminist Economics,’’ 56—69 in Toward a Feminist Philosophy of Economics, Drucilla K.
Barker and Edith Kuiper, eds (New York: Routledge, 2003); Ulla Grapard, ‘‘The Trouble with Women and Economics: A Postmodern Perspective on Charlotte Perkins Gilman,’’ in Stephen Cullenberg, Jack Amariglio, and David Ruccio, eds., Postmodernism, Economics, and Knowledge (New York: Routledge, 2001); Mary Ann Dimand, ‘‘The Economics of Charlotte Perkins Gilman,’’ in Mary-Ann Dimand, Robert Dimand, and Evelyn Forget, eds, Women of Value: Feminist Essays on the History of Women in Economics (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1995).21 The Nation 68 (June 8, 1899), p. 443.
22 Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Women and Economics, first published 1898, Carl N. Degler, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1966), p. 13.
23Gilman, Women andEconomics, p. 14. See also Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Home: Its Work and Influence (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1972).
24 Gilman, Women andEconomics, p. 16.
25 Some modern Marxist theorists describe patriarchal systems as examples of a feudal mode of production. See Harriet Fraad, Steven Resnick and Richard Wolff, Bringing It all Back Home (London: Pluto, 1999).
26Nancy Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 189.
27 Gilman, Women andEconomics, p. 169.
28 Cott, Grounding of Modern Feminism, p. 47.
29 Gilman, Women and Economics, p. 96.
30Margaret W. Rossiter, Women Scientists in America. Struggles and Strategies to 1940 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1982), p. 172.
31Nancy Folbre, ‘‘The ‘Sphere of Women in Early-Twentieth-Century Economics,” pp. 35—60 in Helene Silverberg, ed., Gender and American Social Science (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998), p. 49.
32 Ada Heather-Bigg, ‘‘The Wife’s Contribution to Family Income,” The Economic Journal IV (1894), p. 55.
33 Peter Groenewegen, ‘‘A Neglected Daughter of Adam Smith: Clara Elizabeth Collet (1860—1948),’’ 147—72 in Peter Groenewegen, ed., Feminism and Political Economy in Victorian England (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1994); Clara Collet, ‘‘Female Labour,’’ Palgrave Dictionary of Political Economy, vol.
2, pp. 49—50 (London: Macmillan, 1896); Alice Clark, Working Life of Women in the Seventeenth Century (New York: Augustus Kelley, 1967); Ivy Pinchbeck, Women Workers and the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850 (New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969).34 Folbre, ‘‘The ‘Sphere of Women’ ’’
35 Folbre, ‘‘The ‘Sphere of Women’ ’’ p. 50.
36 For more biographical background as well as a broader discussion of her ideas, see Susan van Velzen, ‘‘Hazel Kyrk and the Ethics of Consumption,’’ 38—55 in Toward a Feminist Philosophy ofEconomics, Drucilla K. Barker and Edith Kuiper, eds (New York: Routledge, 2003).
37 Hazel Kyrk, Economic Problems of the Family (New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1929), p. 42.
38 Kyrk, Economic Problems, p. 106.
39Margaret Reid, Economics of Household Production (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1934), p. 255.
40 Reid, Economics of Household Production, p. 348.
41 Reid, Economics of Household Production, p. 8.
42 Katherine Abraham and Christopher Mackie, Beyond the Market. Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. (Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2004).
43 Ruth Allen, ‘‘Review of Economics of Household Production,’’ American Economic Review 24 (1934), 761—62; Hildegarde Kneeland, ‘‘Review of Economic of Household Production,’’ Journal of Home Economics 26 (1934), p. 525.
44 Theodore Schultz, personal communication.
45 Willford I. King, Wesley G. Mitchell, Frederick Macaulay, and Oswald W. Knauth, Income in the United States, Its Amount and Distribution (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 1921).
46 For examples of such imputations see Nancy Folbre and Barnet Wagman, ‘‘Counting Housework: New Estimates of Real Product in the U.S., 1800—1860’’ The Journal of Economic History 53:2 (1993): 275—88, and Barnet Wagman and Nancy Folbre, ‘‘Household Services and Economic Growth in the U.S., 1870—1930,’’ Feminist Economics 2:1 (1996), pp.
43—66.47 E. A. G. Robinson, ‘‘John Maynard Keynes 1883—1946,’’ in Keynes’ General Theory. Reports of Three Decades, ed. Robert Lekachman (New York: St. Martin’s 1964).
48 Simon Kuznets, National Income and Its Composition, 1919—1938. Assisted by Lillian Epstein and Elizabeth Jencks (New York: National Bureau of Economics Research, 1941).
49 Marilyn Waring, If Women Counted. A New Feminist Economics (New York: Harper and Row, 1988).
50 William Farr, ‘‘On the Economic Value of Population'' reprinted in Population and Development Review 27 (2001) p. 567.
51 Viviana A. Zelizer, Pricing the Priceless Child. The Changing Social Value of Children (New York: Basic Books, 1985), p. 123.
52 Irving Fisher, The Nature of Capital and Income (New York: Macmillan, 1906).
53 Louis I. Dublin and Alfred J. Lotka, The Money Value of a Man (New York: Ronald, 1930) P. 40.
54 Dublin and Lotka, The Money Value, p. 48.
55 Henry Simons, Personal Income Taxation. The Definition of Income as a Problem of Fiscal Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1938), p. 140.
56 William Vickrey, Agenda for Progressive Taxation (New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1947), p. 292.
57 Thomas R. Ireland, ‘‘Compensable Nonmarket Services in Wrongful Death Litigation: Legal Definitions and Measurement Standards,” Journal of Legal Economics 7:2 (1998), pp. 15-34.
58 Kenneth Feinberg, What Is Life Worth? The Inside Story of the 9/11 Fund and Its Effort to Compensate the Victims of September 11th (New York: Public Affairs, 2006).
59 Edward J. McCaffery, Taxing Women (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), p. 111.
60 Nancy Folbre, Valuing Children: Rethinking the Economics of the Family (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).