NOTES TO CHAPTER 14

¹ Mary Ann Dimand, Robert W. Dimand, Evelyn L. Forget, Women of Value: Feminist Essays on the History of Women in Economics (Aldershot: Elgar, 1995); Janet A. Seiz, Michele A.

² Joseph Dorfman, The Economic Mind in American Civilization (New York: Augustus Kelley, 1969), p. 908.

³ Ibid., p. 750.

⁴ Carolyn Johnston, Sexual Power. Feminism and the Family in America. (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1992)

⁵ Gerda Lerner, The Feminist Thought of Sarah Grimfe (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 37.

⁶ Aileen Kraditor, Up from the Pedestal. Selected Writings in the History of American Feminism (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1968), p. 184.

⁷ Judith Wellman, The Road to Seneca Falls. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the First Woman’s Rights Convention (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004), p. 209.

⁸ Carole Shammas, ‘‘Re-Assessing the Married Women’s Property Acts,” Journal of Womens History 6:1 (1994), 9—29.

⁹ Wellman, The Road to Seneca Falls; Lois W. Banner, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, A Radical for Women's Rights (Boston: Little, Brown, 1980).

¹⁰ Ellen Carol Dubois, Feminism and Suffrage. The Emergence of an Independent Women’s Movement in America, 1849-1869 (New York: Cornell University Press, 1978), p. 87.

¹¹Barbara Goldsmith, Other Powers. The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), p. 133.

¹² Stanton wrote, ‘‘If you do not wish the lower orders of Chinese, Africans, Germans, and Irish, with their low ideas of womanhood to make laws for you and your daughters...

¹³ Eleanor Flexner, Century of Struggle. The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States (New York: Atheneum, 1971), p. 152.

¹⁴ Aileen S. Kraditor, The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890—1920. (New York: Anchor Books, 1971), p. 65.

¹⁵ Suzanne M. Marilley, Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminism in the U.S., 1820—1920 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), p. 108.

¹⁶ Ibid., p. 101.

¹⁷ Nancy F. Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), p. 20.

¹⁸ Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin; or Life Among the Lowly (Boston: John P. Jewett, 1852), Vol. 1, p. 59.

¹⁹ Josephine Donovan, Uncle Tom's Cabin. Evil, Affliction, and Redemptive Love (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991).

²⁰ Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, The American Woman's Home (New York: J.B. Ford and Company, 1869), p. 19.

²¹ Katherine Kish Sklar, Catherine Beecher. A Study in American Domesticity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973), p. 156.

²² Linda Kerber, ‘‘Women and Individualism in American History,” Massachusetts Review (1989), 589—609. See also William Leach, True Love and Perfect Union. The Feminist Reform of Sex and Society (New York: Basic Books Inc., 1980), p. 97.

²³ Lois Banner, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, A Radical for Woman’s Rights (Boston: Little Brown, 1980) p. 76.

²⁴ Richard Candida Smith, ‘‘Stanton on Self and Community,” 66—81 in Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Feminist as Thinker.

²⁵ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Eighty Years and More. Reminiscences 1815—1897 (Boston: North­eastern University Press, 1993), p. 369.

26

Leach, True Love, p. 172.

Leach, True Love, p. xv.

Ibid., p. 148.

Lynn Sherr, ed., Failure is Impossible. Susan B. Anthony in Her Own Words (New York:

²7

28

²9

Random House, 1995), p. 58.

³⁰ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, ‘‘The Equilibrium of Sex,” Commonwealth 6 (June 24,1899), 12—13.

³¹ Sarah Grimke, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and Other Essays, ed. Elizabeth Ann Bartless (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), p. 35. See also Gerda Lerner, The Feminist Thought of Sarah Grimke (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).

³² Ibid., p. 63.

³³ ‘‘In those employments which are peculiar to women, their time is estimated at only half of the value of that of men. A woman who goes out to wash, works as hard in proportion as a wood sawyer, or a coal heaver, but she is not generally able to make more than half as much by a day’s work.” Ibid., p. 59.

³⁴ Ibid., p. 185.

³⁵ Barbara Bergmann, The Economic Emergence ofWomen (New York: Basic Books, 1986).

³⁶ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, ‘‘The Subjection of Women,” in Gordon, ed., The Selected Papers, p. 626.

³⁷ Gerda Lerner, The Creation of Patriarchy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).

³⁸ Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, The American Woman’s Home (New York: J.B. Ford and Company, 1869), p. xiii.

³⁹ Shammas, ‘‘Reassessing the Married Women’s Property Right Acts.”

⁴⁰ Reva B. Siegel, ‘‘Home as Work: The First Woman’s Rights Claims concerning Wives’ Household Labor, 1850—1880,’’ Tale Law Journal 103 (1994), 1073—217.

⁴¹ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Revolution, December 24, 1868.

⁴² Ibid, August 27, 1868.

⁴³ Siegel, ‘‘Home as Work.’’

⁴⁴ Leach, True Love, p. 194.

⁴⁵ Siegel, ‘‘Home as Work.’’

⁴⁶ Leach, True Love, p. 193.

⁴⁷ Janet Gornick and Marcia Meyers, Families that Work (New York: Russell Sage, 2005).

⁴⁸ ‘‘Let no women give all their time to household duties, but require nearly all women, and all men also, since they belong to the household, to bear some share of the common household burdens. Many hands make light work, and hearts would be lightened in proportion...I should rejoice to see springing up in every city, distinct classes of three to five hour industries, with a fresh relay of workers at stated intervals, arranged for the express benefit of men and women, who desire to give but a small portion of their time to outside pursuits.’’ Antoinette Brown Blackwell in Aileen Kraditor, Up from the Pedestal. Selected Writings in the History of American Feminism (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1968) p. 155.

⁴⁹ Dolores Hayden, The Grand Domestic Revolution. A History of Feminist Designs for American Homes, Neighborhoods, and Cities (Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1981), p. 80.

⁵⁰ Elaine Tyler May, Great Expectations. Marriage and Divorce in Post-Victorian America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980).

⁵¹ Mary Gabriel, Notorious Victoria. The Life of Victoria Woodhull, Uncensored (Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 1998), p. 96.

⁵² Eleanor Flexner, in Century of Struggle, refers to Stanton’s alignment with Woodhull as brief and unfortunate (p. 153). Aileen Kraditor, in The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, (New York: Doubleday, 1971) writes that Stanton and Anthony supported Woodhull ‘‘only out of a sense of sex solidarity, but neither they nor any other suffragists ever espoused her views’’ (p. 93). Stanton never espoused all her views. But she did espouse some of them, particularly her advocacy of divorce.

⁵³ Cited in Johnston, Sexual Power, p. 77.

⁵⁴ Goldsmith, Other Powers.

⁵⁵ See ‘‘Address to the Tenth National Women’s Rights Convention on Marriage and Divorce, New York City, May 11, i860,’’ and ‘‘Divorce versus Domestic Warfare,’’ in Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Feminist as Thinker. A Reader in Documents and Essays, Ellen Carol DuBois and Richard Candida Smith, eds (New York: New York University Press, 2007).

⁵⁶ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, ‘‘Reasons Why Some Marriages are Unhappy,’’ The Revolu­tion, October 15, 1868.

⁵⁷ Daniel S. Smith, ‘‘Family Limitation, Sexual Control and Domestic Feminism in Victorian America,’’ Feminist Studies 1:3—4 (1973), 40—57; Paul A. David and Warren C. Sanderson, ‘‘Rudimentary Contraceptive Methods and the American Transition to Mari­tal Fertility Control,’’ 307—90 in Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986).

⁵⁸G. J. Barker-Benfield, The Horrors of the Half-Known Life: Male Attitudes Toward Women and Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century America (New York: Harper and Row, 1976).

⁵⁹ Nancy Cott, ‘‘Passionlessness: An Interpretation of Victorian Sexual Ideology, 1790—1850,’’ pp. 162—81 in Nancy F. Cott and Elizabeth H. Pleck, eds, A Heritage of Her Own: Toward a New Social History of American Women (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979).

⁶⁰William Sanger, The History of Prostitution. Its Extent, Causes and Effects Throughout the World (New York: Eugenics Publishing Company, 1939), p. 676.

⁶¹ Ruth Rosen, The Lost Sisterhood. Prostitution in America, 1900—1918 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1982), pp. 3, 10.

⁶² Elizabeth Cady Stanton, ‘‘Has Christianity Benefited Woman,’’ in Dubois and Smith, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, p. 249.

⁶³ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Eighty Years and More. Reminiscences, 1815—1897 (Amherst, New York: Humanity Books, 2002), p. 165.

⁶⁴ Robert W. Dimand, ‘‘Nineteenth-Century American Feminist Economics: From Caro­line Dall to Charlotte Perkins Gilman,’’ American Economic Review 90:2 (2000), 480—4.