NOTES TO CHAPTER 8
1 Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty. England in the Early Industrial Age (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), and The Demoralization of Society. From Victorian Virtues to Modern Values (New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 1995).2 A. M. C. Waterman, Revolution, Economics, and Religion. Christian Political Economy, i798~i833 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
3 Jane Humphries, ‘‘Enclosures, Common Rights, and Women: The Proletarianization of Families in the late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries’’, The Journal of Economic History 50:1 (1990), 17—42.
4 Raymond G. Cowherd, Political Economists and the English Poor Laws. A Historical Study of the Influence of Classical Economics on the Formation of Social Welfare Policy (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1977), p. 27.
5 E. P. Thompson, ‘‘The Moral Economy of the English Crowd,’’ Past and Present 50:1 (1971), 76-136.
6 Brian Inglis, Poverty and the Industrial Revolution (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1971), p. 50.
7 Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty, p. 74.
8 T. R. Malthus, Essay on the Principle of Population, The version published in 1803, with the variora of 1806, 1807, 1817, and 1826, ed. Patricia James (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), Vol. I, p. 325.
9 A. M. C. Waterman, Political Economy and Christian Theology Since the Enlightenment. Essays in Intellectual History (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), Ch. 8, ‘‘The Sudden Separation of Political Economy,’’ p. 119.
10
Inglis, Poverty and the Industrial Revolution, p. 70.
II
12
Waterman, Revolution, Economics, and Religion.
Donald Winch. Malthus (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 40; Samuel Hollander, Malthus (London: University of Toronto Press, 1997), p.
939.13 Mary S. Hartman, The Household and the Making of History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
14 Thomas Robert Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, Mr. Condorcet and Other Writers. First published 1798 (London: Printed for J. Johnson in St. Paul’s Churcheyard. Reprints of Economic Classics, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1965), p. 255.
15
16
17
Malthus, On Population, ed. James, Vol. II, p. 142.
lbid., p. 143.
Ibid., p. 144.
18 Ibid., Vol. I, p. 324.
19 Ibid., Vol. II, p. 113.
20 For an explicit critique of Himmelfarb’s description of Malthus as demoralizer, see Donald Winch, ‘‘Robert Malthus: Christian Moral Scientist, Arch-Demoralizer or Implicit Secular Utilitarian,’’ Utilitas 5:2 (1993): 239—53.
21 Waterman, Revolution, Economics, and Religion, p. 258.
22 Ibid., Vol. I, p. 321. In the following paragraph Malthus also describes benevolence in feminine terms.
23 Ibid., p. 214.
24 Interestingly, he claimed to disagree with Mandeville’s version of this argument. Ibid., p. 214.
25 Ibid., p. 326. Elsewhere Malthus refers to the desire to better one’s condition as a ‘‘master-spring’’ (p. 145).
26 Ibid., Vol. II, p. 202.
27 Ibid., Vol. II, p. 214.
28 Malthus, Essay, ed. James, Vol. II, p. 97.
29 Samuel Hollander, Malthus (London: University of Toronto Press, 1997), 887—90.
30 Donald Winch. Malthus (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 40.
31 Angus McLaren, Birth Control in Nineteenth-Century England (London: Croom Helm, 1978), p. 50.
32 Malthus, Essay, ed. James, Vol. II, p. 235.
33 Angus McLaren, Birth Control in Nineteenth-Century England (London: Croom Helm, 1978), p.
50.34 Norman Himes, ‘‘Jeremy Bentham and the Genesis of English Neo-Malthusianism,’’ Economic History 3:2 (1937), p. 267.
35 Bruce Mazlish, James and John Stuart Mill. Father and Son in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Basic Books, 1975), p. 109.
36 James Mill, Elements of Political Economy. 3rd edn, Revised and Corrected (New York: Augustus Kelley, 1963), p. 50.
37 Patricia James, Population Malthus (New York: Routledge, 2006), p. 310.
38 Francis Place, Illustrations and Proofs of the Principle of Population, with critical and textual notes by Norman Himes (New York: Augustus Kelley Publishers, 1967), p. 173.
39 McLaren, Birth Control in Nineteenth-Century England, p. 96.
40 McLaren, Sexuality and Social Order, p. 33.
41 Ibid., p. 62.
42 Cited in McClaren, Sexuality and Social Order, p. 71.
43 James, Population Malthus, p. 381.
44 Ibid., Vol. II, p. 99. See also p. 113, ‘‘virtue takes her flight away from the tainted spot”.
45 Ibid., p. 120.
46 Jane Marcet, Conversations on Political Economy (London: Longman, 1817).
47 Dorothy Lampen Thomson, Adam Smith’s Daughters (New York: Exposition Press, 1973).
48 William Hazlitt, ‘‘A Reply to the Essay on Population by the Rev. T. R. Malthus,” The Complete Works of William Hazlitt, ed. P. P. Hower (London: J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd, 1930), p. 202.
49 Ibid., p. 235.