Index

AALL 192-93

AAPSS 179-80, 186-87, 190, 194 abstract deductive approach 110, 134, 244 abstract deductive method 110, 216 abstract individualistic approach 40, 96 abstract laws of development 110 academic freedom 119, 130-31, 158 Achenwal, Gottfried 163 acquisitiveness 61, 71, 125 active state role 25, 116, 118, 130, 134 Adams, Charles Kendall 153

Adams, Henry Carter 95, 98, 104-05, 114, 118, 121-22, 125, 127, 129, 131-33, 146, 148, 153-54, 166, 170,

181- 84, 200, 203, 206, 245-46

Adams, Herbert Baxter 94, 97-8, 102-04, 147-49, 152-53, 156, 170-71, 182, 184, 187

advanced civilization 33, 71-72, 124

AEA 90-104, 111, 131, 152-53, 179-80,

182- 189, 191-93, 205

agriculture sector 12, 14, 25, 67, 89, 121, 198

ahistorical 8-9, 38, 48, 55, 80, 193, 213, 219, 228

American Academy of Political and Social Science (AAPSS) 92, 154, 186

American Association for Labor

Legislation (AALL) 97, 192

American Bureau of Industrial Research 191

American colleges 4, 106, 144-45, 155, 173, 189

American Economic Association 90, 152, 179, 189, 194, 205

American Economic Association Quarterly 179, 189

American Economic Review 102, 179, 189, 191

American economic thought 90, 93 American economist 1, 6-8, 86, 89, 91,

100, 104-06, 143, 145, 151, 153, 162,

165, 174, 179-80, 182-83, 185-86,

189, 191, 193, 206, 220, 228, 233-234, 240, 243-44

American Historical Association 94 American Institutionalism 94

American institutional economist 102 American Journal of Sociology 101 American Labor Legislation Review 193 American Philosophical Society 92, 96 American political economist 6-7, 86,

88, 99, 105, 134, 141-42, 145, 150, 157-58, 162, 164, 167, 170, 172-73, 179-80, 205, 245

American Political Science Association

179, 188

American Social Science Association 180 American Sociological Society 180 American Statistical Association 166 American students 4-6, 52, 86-90,

143-44, 159, 164, 166, 170, 172, 181, 189, 197, 209, 212-13, 219

American universities 1-4, 6-8, 52, 89,

92, 94, 141-46, 148, 157-58, 161-62, 165-66, 168, 171, 173-74, 189, 200, 227-28, 231, 239 ancient Greek 59, 161, 233 Andrew, Abram Piatt 99 Andrews, Elisha Benjamin 97, 131, 182 ANNALS 190 Annals of the American Academy of

Political and Social Science 92, 191 applied economics 41, 57, 198 APSA 179, 180, 188 Arrow, Kenneth 229-30 artificial monopolies 118 ASA 94, 102-04, 166-67, 180

Ashley, Sir William James 146-47, 160, 190

ASSA 180

Australia 186, 220

Austrian School of Economics (ASE) 55, 152,213-14, 218-19

Austrian universities 213

authoritarian planning 246 authoritative power 245

Bates, Helen Page 150

Battle of Methods 7, 215-16, 240

Bemis, Edward Webster 100, 131, 152-53, 182, 190

Berkeley Quarterly: A Journal of Social Science 99

Berlin University 51, 95, 150, 164

Bismarck, Otto von 52-3, 67-69, 119-20, 133, 185, 193, 222, 226

Bogart, Ernest Ludlow 98, 156

Bohm-Bawerk, Eugen von 159, 214

Bolles, Albert S.

Bowen, Clarence 182

Brentano, Lujo 5, 52, 68-69, 78, 87, 159, 180, 189, 222-23

Bright, John 180

British Economic Association 186

Brown University 101, 131

Bullock, Charles Jesse 103, 147, 149, 154 Burgess, John William 155, 190 business classes 75, 113-14, 116, 124, 154, 245-47

business interests 153, 223

cameralism 5, 9-16, 21, 23-25, 29-33, 41-42, 48, 65, 163, 214, 241

cameralist 10-22, 24-33, 42-43, 48,

65, 76

cameralist science 10, 12-13, 42 cameralist tradition 42

cameralistic science 13, 15, 30, 32 cameral official 12-13

capitalism 59, 69, 124, 153, 225

Carrier, Charles F A.

Carver, Thomas Nixon 147, 185, 190, 200, 202-03, 208-09

central authority 73, 164

Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics 96

chair in economic history 146

chair in political economy 30-31, 96 chamber 11, 13

Chicago School of Economics 153 child labor 97, 117, 129-30, 161, 192

Christianity 142, 139

Civilization 16, 29, 33, 37, 57-60, 62, 68, 71-2, 75, 107, 109, 111, 116, 119, 123-24, 203, 233, 240, 242, 246-47 civil liberties 244

civil service 51, 121-22, 164, 170, 192 civil societies 17-18, 21, 27, 29 Clark, John Bates 50, 91, 94-95, 98, 103­05, 113, 116, 118, 124, 126, 129, 132, 144, 148-49, 156, 159, 161, 181-82, 184-85, 187, 190-91, 200-01

classical economics 4, 7, 31, 42, 47-51,

60- 61, 64, 67, 71-72, 80, 87-9, 96,

104- 06, 108, 110, 113, 123, 125-28, 130-31, 142-43, 145, 151, 181, 190, 199, 209-10, 212-13, 220, 226, 229, 233, 244

classical economist 6, 9, 47, 50, 55-56,

61- 62, 70, 106, 110, 112-13, 115, 121-23, 125-28, 132, 193, 219, 229, 240

classical orthodoxy 6, 9, 48, 61, 64, 75, 86,

105- 06, 110, 112, 115, 122, 128, 134, 144, 179, 183, 186, 205

climate change 197-98, 201, 204, 209 Cobden, Richard 180

Codification 34-35, 37-39, 41 codification debate 41

collective bargaining 129 collective good 124 collective interest 63, 185 collectivist approach 5-6, 9, 54, 234 Columbia College 90, 94, 155-56, 187 Columbia University 91, 94, 97, 99, 103, 149, 155-56, 159, 161, 166, 190

common good 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19-20, 32, 42, 48, 53, 63-64, 66-67, 71, 119, 122, 125, 133, 206

common happiness 13, 16-21, 26, 30, 65, 75

common interests 20, 61, 74, 123-24, 148,241-42

common welfare 6-7, 13, 16, 48, 53, 70, 80, 115-17, 119, 121-23, 126, 129, 181, 200, 217, 233, 235, 239-41, 244

Commons, John Rogers 102, 129, 131,

149- 50, 190-92, 220

comparative study 109, 190

Conrad, Johannes E. 5, 53, 87, 89-92, 97-98, 100, 120, 125, 144, 148,

150- 51, 153-55, 164, 180-81, 184-85, 187, 191, 226

conservation 7, 26, 121, 133, 182, 197-200, 202, 204-10 conservation of forestry 199 conservation of natural resources 133,

205- 06

Cornell University 95, 97, 150, 153-54 corporation 73, 97, 114, 116-18, 127, 129, 133, 161, 192, 208, 239, 245-47

Council of Foreign Relations 96 critical thinking 141-42, 144, 169, 173, 179, 239

Cunningham, William 146, 190

Currie, Lauchlin 103

Dean 96, 146-47, 151

deduction 54-55, 59-60, 205, 244 deductive approach 50, 54-56, 59-60, 109-112, 134, 205, 244

deductive method 48, 54-57, 59-60, 80, 109-112, 216, 219

deductive science 56, 60 deforestation 26, 197, 207, 209 Department of Economics 98, 102, 146-47, 150, 152-53, 156, 231 development of individuality 17-18, 68, 90, 245-46

Devine, Edward Thomas 156, 161, 187 Dewey, Davis R.

152, 182

Dewey, John 102

Dietzel, Carl 50

disciple 6, 8-9, 42, 103-105, 110, 122, 125, 148, 158-59, 162, 213, 222, 224-27, 235, 239

discipline of economics 1-3, 5-8, 31, 40-42, 54, 76, 89, 92, 99-100, 104, 112, 122, 142, 145, 162, 165, 167, 171, 174, 179, 185-87, 191, 194, 213-14, 218-19, 221, 225, 227-30, 232, 234-35, 240, 242

discipline of political economy 4, 32, 42, 87, 105, 125,173

doctoral degrees 173 domestic economy 24, 121 domestic industry 23, 25

Dunbar, Charles F 88, 96, 109, 123, 144-46, 171, 181, 184, 190

Durand, Edward Dana 150

Economic Bulletin 189

economic development 23, 30, 40, 51-52, 58-59, 65, 68, 78, 113, 203, 213

economic freedom 130, 244-45 economic history 51, 57, 60, 96, 98-99, 112, 146-47, 156, 159-61

Economic History Association 96

economic inequalities 54, 70, 72-75, 116, 132, 241

economic institution 9, 33, 42, 51-52,

62- 63, 66, 71-72, 78, 85, 107, 109,

111, 119, 123, 159, 164, 233 economic journals 2, 7, 54, 172, 188-89,

191, 193, 231 economic justice 68, 73, 75, 117, 125,

131-32

economic knowledge 31, 120, 131, 133, 149, 183, 187, 227, 239

economic laws 40, 47, 57, 80, 108, 110,

127, 216 economic policy 13, 15, 23, 48, 166, 198,

207, 227 economic progress 33, 71, 74-75, 80,

105-06, 116, 119, 124, 129, 206, 234 economic research 42, 48, 54, 79, 96,

103- 04, 113, 181, 183, 191, 194, 213 economics department 2-3, 91, 94, 100,

102-03, 141-42, 147-52, 155-58,

160-61, 173-74, 228-29, 231-32 economics student 2, 144, 168, 212 economic theories 42, 56-57, 59, 108-09,

160

economic thought 2-4, 9, 31,48, 50, 52, 54-55, 59, 81, 86, 88, 90, 93, 147, 149, 152-53, 159-60, 180, 190-91, 213, 218-19, 224, 227-28, 231-32, 234, 240-42

Eichhorn, Karl Friedrich 10, 34, 39-40 electricity 118, 240

Eliot, Charles William 95, 247 Ely, Richard Theodore 50, 89-91, 93-94,

97-98,100-07,110-11,113-15,117­

21, 123-27, 131-32, 143-45, 147-50, 152-54, 156, 160, 162, 164, 171,

173, 180, 182-87, 190-93, 198-202,

205-08, 210, 221, 229, 242, 246 Engel Curve 79, 163 Engel, Ernst 78-9, 95, 98, 150, 153, 159,

163-64, 180

English school of economics 42, 48, 54 equality 27-29, 47, 74, 117, 124-25, 132,

170, 247 equal society 28-29 ethical agent 121 ethical approach 42 ethical commitment 42, 72, 124, 127, 217 ethical discipline 33, 123 ethical economics 52, 70, 76, 80, 88, 95,

97, 99-100, 102-03, 124-25, 133-34, 146, 152, 154, 156, 209, 217-20, 223, 232-35, 240, 244 ethical historical economics 48, 149 ethical ideal 70, 123, 233 ethical judgement 15, 33, 70, 74, 80, 124,

209, 234

ethical practices 33, 72, 74, 123, 209 ethical relationship 70

ethical standard 33, 123, 233, 235, 240 ethical values 2, 10, 16, 29—30, 33, 36, 54,

63, 70-72, 74-76, 107, 122-24, 209, 232-34, 240

ethics 6, 33, 51-52, 70, 72, 74, 76, 80,

106- 07, 123, 125, 159, 160, 192, 217, 225, 229, 233-34

Eucken, Walter 224, 235

European 9, 87, 100, 166, 174, 189, 197,

228, 234, 243

experimental method 58 exploitation 7, 31,42, 47, 68, 73, 182,

199-203, 205-07, 209, 246

Falkner, Roland P 99, 155, 166, 171,

187,190

Farnam, Henry Walcott 95, 109, 111, 120, 129, 151, 165, 181, 184, 190-92, 200, 206, 230

Fascism 224

Fernow, Bernhard Eduard 200

Fetter, Frank Albert 99, 151, 154, 171,

184, 187, 191

Finley, John H.

Fisher, Irving 76, 151, 230 foreign students 43, 85, 161-62, 228 foreign trade 12, 23, 120 forest 13, 24-26, 112, 118, 121, 198-202,

204, 206-07, 209 forestry 19, 32, 92, 116, 199-200, 204 formalization of economics 8 Frankfurt university 13, 30 freedom 19-21, 27, 37, 55, 64, 70, 73-74,

90, 102, 113-15, 117, 119, 129-134, 158, 183, 217, 235, 239, 243-47 free trade 7, 67, 105, 120-21, 124, 127,

223, 233

free will 17-8, 158, 245

Friedrich Wilhelm I 12-13

Fredrich William IV 33

French Revolution 161

Friedman, Milton 230

Galbraith, John Kenneth 232

Gardner, Henry Brayton 101 gas 118, 197, 200, 202, 240 Gay, Edwin Francis 95-96, 107, 124,

147,200 general freedom 117 general happiness 15, 17-8, 27 general interests 65, 121, 207 generalization 56, 59-60, 111, 217, 244 general welfare 22, 27, 30, 66, 80,

124,185 German economists 49-50, 60, 102,

162, 227

German Empire 133, 163

German Historical School of Economics

10, 39, 85, 179, 197, 212 German history 103, 149 German influence 4, 142, 151, 153, 157,

159,167-68 German language 7, 90, 142, 161-62,

212, 226, 243

German model 156-57, 167-68, 228, 239 German Reich 225

German Road 224

German seminary 168-69, 171

German statistical bureaus 163 German territories 10-14, 33-34,

37-38, 65 German-trained American political

economists 6-7, 86, 88, 105, 134,

141, 145, 150, 157-58, 162, 167, 170, 172-73, 179, 205, 245

German-trained Americans 5, 157,

169-70, 239-40

German universities 3-6, 15, 31-32,

42-43, 52, 79, 85-86, 90, 92, 100, 141, 144-45, 154-55, 158-59, 161, 167, 169, 171, 173, 212, 218, 226, 228, 239

GHSE 3-10, 14, 31-33, 40-43, 47-50,

52-57, 59-70, 72-73, 76-81, 85-111, 113, 115-16, 119-21, 123-28, 130, 132-34, 141-42, 144-45, 147-52, 154-59, 161-62, 164-67, 169, 171, 173-74, 180, 183-87, 189-94, 197-200, 209-10, 212-230, 233-35, 239-41, 243-45 good order 15, 19-22, 29, 32 Goβchen, Johann Friedrich

34, 40

Gottingen 52-53, 95, 99-101, 151, 155, 161, 163, 173

graduate program 2, 5, 87, 92, 146, 148,

167-68, 171, 239 graduate school 3, 5, 96, 104, 142, 147,

151, 165, 173 graduate studies 94, 103, 155, 173 Gray, John Henry 100, 185 Gray,Lewis Cecil 200, 202-03

Haberler, Gottfried 105

Hadley, Arthur Twining 96-97, 105, 112, 118, 120-21, 128-29, 144, 151, 174,

183- 84, 190

Hansen, Alvin H 105

Hanssen, Georg 50, 53 happiness 12-13, 15-21, 26-27, 29-30, 65, 75, 120, 128

Harvard Business School 96

Harvard college 96, 145-46

Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration 96

Harvard University 93, 96, 103, 146-47, 160, 166, 189

Haskins, Charles Homer 100, 103, 149

Hayek, Friedrich August von 124, 235 healthcare 22, 28, 116, 130, 140 health insurance 192

Heidelberg University 50, 94, 148

Held, Adolf 53, 78-79, 87, 95, 159

Hess, Ralph 207-09 heterodox 3

Hicks, John 230

highest self-development 245

Hildebrand, Bruno 32, 41, 49-51, 56-57, 62, 66, 70, 78, 87, 159, 163, 180, 188, 215

historical approach 33, 39-42, 50, 99, 134, 152, 219

historical development 2, 36-37, 39, 41, 43, 52, 57-58, 63, 73, 108, 132, 216

historical economics 5, 40, 48, 96, 146, 149, 154, 242

historical ethical economics 95, 99, 102, 134, 154, 156, 218-220

historical inductive approach 54, 59, 60, 100, 229

historical inductive method 58, 80 historical inductivism 76

historical laws 60, 216

historical method 6, 9, 31, 39, 40-41, 48-49, 51, 54, 88-89, 98, 110, 151, 216, 234

Historical School of Economics 3, 9, 39-40, 85, 179, 197, 212

Historical School ofJurisprudence 5, 9, 33, 39, 241

historical seminary 169

historical studies 36, 41, 97, 106-09, 111, 216

history of economic thought 2-3, 52, 54-55, 81, 180, 227, 231-32, 240, 242

history of economics 2-3, 54, 159-60, 191, 215, 227, 232

History of Labor 192

History of Political Economy 90, 92, 159

Hornigk, Philipp Wilhelm von 14

Hoxie, Robert Franklin 152

Hugo, Gustav 33

Howe, Frederic C.

human capital 12, 80

human development 109

human progress 8, 70, 116, 119, 183, 235, 239, 244, 247

human resource 18, 68

hyperinflation 221

immoral 27-28, 42, 72, 114

imperfect competition 117

individual interest 239-240 individualism 31, 48, 50, 61-62, 64, 71,

122, 125, 127-28, 134, 180, 182, 199,

206, 210, 217, 219, 229, 233, 239, 242-43, 245

individualistic assumptions 80

individual self-interest 61-62, 72, 76, 126, 142-43

individual wills 17

induction 54, 57, 60

inductive approach 48, 54, 59-60, 100,

109- 113, 214, 218, 229, 244

inductive method 9, 55-56, 58-60, 80,

110- 11

inductive research 106

industrialization 6, 9, 47, 49, 53-54, 59,

63- 64, 70, 86-87, 133

Industrial Relations Research

Association 192

inequality 6, 8, 47, 61, 64, 68, 74, 79, 114, 120

infant industries 120

inflation 221-22

Ingram, John Kells 146

injustice 47, 54, 61, 68, 72, 74, 76, 104, 114, 128, 131

institutional economics 223

institutional economist 102, 105 institutionalism 52, 94, 102, 150 institutions of society 33, 42, 59, 62,

72, 75

insurance 53, 69, 92, 118-19, 129-30, 134, 163, 172, 192-93

interference 26, 61, 64, 113-19, 121,

123, 193

international competition 67

International Statistical Institute 94, 104 international trade 23, 24, 52, 67,

161, 185

intervention 7, 19, 64, 67, 74, 80, 114-15, 121, 130-31, 198, 207

investment 15, 18-19, 80, 121

James, Edmund Janes 90-93, 104-07, 114-16, 118-19, 134, 144-45, 153-54, 158, 167, 171, 181-82, 184, 186-87, 190,200-205

Japan 86, 186

Jenks, Jeremiah Whipple 97, 154, 184 Jevons, William Stanley 51, 54, 76, 101, 159

Johns Hopkins University 90, 95, 100­103, 146-50, 152, 155, 184-85, 187

Johnson, Joseph French 90, 171

Jones, Edward David 98, 150, 153, 159 Journal of Land and Public Utility

Economics 193

Journal of Political Economy of University of Chicago 191 jurisprudence 5, 9, 12, 14, 33-35, 37, 39, 53, 107, 154, 158, 190, 223, 241

Justi, Johann Heinrich Gottlob 15-17, 20-22, 26-30

justice 8, 16, 19, 27, 30, 32, 43, 52, 68, 72-76, 98, 103, 117, 124-25, 130-33, 207, 225

Keynes, John Maynard Keynes 3, 227 Keynesian 3, 227

Kinley, David 91, 98, 100-101, 117, 123-24, 128, 147, 149, 156, 185, 187, 190,246

Knapp, Georg Friedrich 53, 68, 78-9, 180 Knies, Karl 5, 41, 49-51, 56-57, 62, 70,

76, 78, 87, 89-91, 94, 97-98, 120, 125,

148, 150-51, 153, 159-60, 162, 164, 170, 184, 187, 191, 198-99, 214-15, 221, 223, 226, 229

knowledge 4, 13, 18, 31-2, 37, 49, 58,

66- 67, 72, 74, 78-79, 86-88, 102, 109-111, 120, 126, 131-33, 142, 144,

149, 154, 157-59, 161-63, 165, 169, 173, 180, 183, 186-87, 218, 225, 227, 232, 239-40, 242, 244

labor class 69, 91, 117, 129-30, 133 labor laws 52, 95, 117, 119, 129, 133, 240 labor legislation 97, 113, 192-94 labor movement 90, 93, 130, 160-61, 191 labor organization 95, 160 labor protection 134

labor rights 92, 95, 116, 129-21, 148, 185, 191, 235, 245 labor unions 92, 117, 129-30

La Follette, Robert 91

laissez-faire approach 7, 31, 42, 63, 65, 93, 105, 113-15, 122, 128-29, 131, 134, 142, 180, 182, 206, 229

laissez-faire doctrine 48, 71, 80, 113, 115-16, 193, 199, 210, 241, 245

laissez-faire system 64, 66, 75-76, 113-14, 129, 134, 139-42, 146, 141-42, 158

Lange, Oskar Ryszard 230

language 1,4, 7, 15, 35-37, 39, 42, 71,79, 90, 127, 161-63, 168, 173, 212, 224, 226, 231-32, 243-44

Laughlin, James Laurence 146, 152-54, 160, 162, 181, 183, 191

laws of development 40, 56, 59-60,

110,235

laws of economics 40, 108, 113

legal framework 20, 42, 72, 107, 122, 245 legal rights 11, 68

Leipzig University 48, 52, 100

Leith, Charles Kenneth 202, 205, 207

Leontief, Wassily 105

Leslie, Thomas Edward Cliffe 146, 159

Levermore, Charles Herbert 100,

149, 152

library 7, 142, 158, 169, 171-73,

187,194

liberty 20-21,41, 86, 117, 132, 244

Lindsay, Samuel McCune 187

Lorenz, Max Otto 50, 150, 229

Lowell, Abbott Lawrence 92 luxury goods 24, 26, 28

mainstream economics 167, 231, 233

mainstream economist 2, 76, 231-32, 234 Manchester School 180-81 manufacturing 25, 27, 47, 67, 89, 116 Maremma 201

Marginalist Revolution 51 marginal utility theory 91, 98, 229 Marshall, Alfred 3, 54, 101, 159

Marxist 50, 225

Master of Business Administration 96 mathematical economics 1, 31,76-79, 93, 165, 191, 229-31

mathematical economist 76, 230-32 mathematical formulas 230-32 mathematical model 1, 77-78 mathematical modelling 1, 78,

230, 232

mathematics 1, 13, 77-79, 143, 151, 162, 213, 229-32, 235, 243

mathematization 1

Mayo-Smith, Richmond 93-94,

104- 07, 109, 111, 134, 155, 158, 164, 166, 174, 187 mediaeval seminaries 169 Menger, Carl 7, 51, 54-55, 103, 149, 159-60, 213-19, 234-35 mercantile system 24, 108, 132 mercantilism 10, 23-24, 59, 160, 162 mercantilist 23 Methodenstreit 55 methodological battle 55, 218-19, 234 methodological collectivism 48, 61-63,

80, 103, 106, 127, 182, 214, 218, 229 methodological debate 54, 215, 219 methodological individualism 7, 48,

61-62, 122, 125, 127-28, 134, 182, 199-210, 217, 219, 239

Mill, John Stuart 4 mineral 25, 197, 199-200, 202-03,

207, 209 minimum wage 129, 192 Mises, Ludwig von 221-23, 235 Mitchell, Wesley Clair 104-05, 230, 235 monetary policy 98, 148 money 14, 18, 23-25, 29, 50, 60, 89, 122,

143, 156, 161, 193, 213-14, 227 monopolies 14, 26, 73, 90-91, 114,

117-19, 130, 134, 140 monopoly power 97, 118-19 Moore, Henry Ludwell 149, 156 moral judgement 36, 71,74, 123, 235 moral laws 21, 58, 124 moral perfection 30 moral philosophy 4, 30, 142, 234 moral practices 33, 71 moral sentiment 122 moral science 70, 86 moral spirit 108 Moses, Bernard 99 Moser, Justus 40 multidisciplinary 33, 156, 158, 229

Napoleonic code 34-35, 39 Nasse, Erwin 50, 60 National Academy of Sciences 94, 104 National Bureau of Economic

Research 104

national economy 5-6, 9, 29, 32-33, 42, 48, 52, 63, 65-67, 70, 80, 116, 133-34, 182, 205, 218, 224

national institution 172, 209 nationalist socialism 222, 225-26, 240 nationalization 65, 67, 118 national life 32, 67, 77, 81, 113

Nationalokonomie 9, 31,33, 50, 53, 65, 188-89, 214, 216

national solidarity 66, 80 national spirit 36-37, 65 national-socialism 221, 224, 226 national wealth 23-24, 201

natural environment 7, 42, 197-201, 204,

206- 10

natural law 34, 38, 42, 113, 125 natural monopolies 118, 130, 240 natural resources 7, 12-14, 18, 25-27, 29,

31, 42, 67-68, 80, 117, 133, 197-201, 205-06, 208-210, 241-42

natural science 8, 25, 55, 57-8, 67, 76-77, 80, 94, 107, 109, 112, 152, 173, 213, 217, 230-31

Nazi 8, 181, 220, 222, 224, 226, 235 Nazism 213, 224, 226, 234 negative freedom 244 neo-classical 93 neo-liberal 234 neo-liberalism 232

Newcomb, Simon 93, 102, 105, 148, 183, 186

New Deal 91, 185, 193

New Englander 190

New School 105-113, 115-16, 120,

122- 23, 125-26, 128-31, 133-34, 148, 150, 152-54, 158-59, 162, 165, 171, 173-74, 179-80, 184-87, 190-94, 197, 199-200, 202, 204-07, 209-210, 213, 229-30, 233, 239-240, 244-46

New York University 97

Northwestern University 91, 100

Obrecht, George 14

Ohlin, Bertil 103

OHS 50-1, 59

old economics 104, 145

Old School 151-52, 184, 186, 190-91, 193

Older Historical School (OHS) 50 orthodox classical economics 4, 42 orthodox school 106

Parker, Carleton Hubbell 100 paternalistic state 14

Patten, Simon Nelson 90, 92-93, 97, 104, 105-08, 111, 113, 115-16, 120,

123- 25, 128, 130, 132, 154-56, 158-59, 165, 171, 182, 184-87, 190, 193, 200-201, 203-05, 227, 230

pattern 33, 39-40, 41,43, 56-57, 59-60 perfect competition 117, 124 perfection 14, 16—18, 30, 85

Perry ofWilliams, Arthur Lathamn 181 Ph.D. 99, 146, 161-62, 168, 182 Philosopher King 21

Philosophical School 34, 38 Philosophical School of Jurisprudence

(PSJ) 34 philosophy 4, 14, 21,30, 90, 95, 107, 113,

125, 142-43, 146, 159, 161, 167, 170, 191, 208, 234, 241, 243 physiocrats 132 Plehn, Carl Copping 100 police science 10, 21-22 polis 21 political economists 4, 6, 15, 31-32, 42,

50, 58, 65, 67, 74, 79, 85-86, 88-89,

99, 105, 107-08, 110-12, 125, 131, 134, 141-42, 144-45, 150-51, 157-58, 160, 162, 164-65, 167, 170, 172-73, 179-80, 182, 185-86, 194, 198, 205, 229, 233, 240, 245

Political Science Quarterly (PSQ) 94, 155, 179

Polizei 12, 21 Polizeiwissenschaft 13, 21, 32 pollution 26, 197, 204, 209, 235 Popper, Karl 224

Porter, John A.

105- 06, 114, 116, 119, 121-22, 181, 185, 198, 206-09, 229, 234, 241-42 poverty 6, 21-2, 48, 61, 64, 68-70, 73-74,

79, 134, 161, 235, 241 private interest 114, 193, 201, 206-07 private monopoly 118, 208, 246 private ownership 207-08 private property 22, 28, 53, 65, 75, 97, 130, 132, 208 private spheres 23, 234 property rights 20, 29, 43 protective trade measures 32, 53,

67, 120

Prussian government 34 Prussian history 13, 103, 149 Prussian Office of Statistics 52

Prussian society 13

Prussian Statistical Bureau 163, 172 Prussian territories 21, 23-24, 29, 164 Prussian universities 12-13

PSJ 34-35, 39 PSQ 179, 190-91 public administration 5, 10, 13, 15, 19, 31-32, 42, 150

public choice theory 229

public finance 5, 11, 15, 41-42, 48,

51, 53, 89, 91, 97, 103, 133, 156, 161, 172

public health 22, 68, 80, 192, 245

public law 19, 155, 188

public ownership 53, 65, 118, 130, 132,

207- 08, 235, 240

public safety 22, 32

public servant 31, 122

public service 29, 75, 113, 121, 132, 155 public spending 19

public spirit 217

Quarterly Journal of Economics 93,

96, 180

QJE 180

Railroad 95-96, 118, 133, 156 railway 92, 97, 103, 118, 149, 185, 240 Ranke, Leopold von 10, 34, 40, 169

Rau, Karl Heinrich 31-32, 160, 188, 198, 214-15

Reagan-Thatcher Era 1, 232

Realistic School 9

regulation 9, 13-14, 18-19, 25-26, 65,

67- 69, 73, 75, 80, 92, 95, 97, 115-18, 129-30, 132-33, 158, 166, 180, 198, 208, 240

religion 20, 73, 98, 127, 159, 221, 232, 234, 241, 244

renaissance 108, 159, 229 revolution 49, 51, 64-65, 69, 75, 128, 130, 132-33, 161, 224-25, 227-28, 235

Ricardo, David 4, 50, 54-55, 112, 159-60, 215, 226

Ripley, William Zebina 147, 166

Rockefeller Foundation 230

role of the state 10, 13, 15-16, 65-66, 98, 116, 120, 132

Roman law 33-35, 93, 95, 160

Roman legal system 34

Roosevelt, Franklin D. 192-93

Roosevelt, Theodore 91, 97

Roscher, Wilhelm Georg Friedrich 5, 9, 32, 39-41, 48-52, 57-58, 61, 65-68, 72, 74, 76-77, 81, 87-88, 91, 97, 148, 151, 159, 162, 180, 191, 198, 113-15, 223

Ross, Edward Alsworth 100, 131, 149-50, 154,184,190

Rowe, Leo Stanton 187

Royal Economic Society 186

Royal Statistical Society 94

rule of law 19

Rumelin, Gustav 78

Samuelson, Paul 230

Saratoga 182

Savigny, Friedrich Carl von 10, 33—41

Say, Jean-Baptiste 4

Schmoller, Gustav 5, 7, 9, 33, 51—55, 59-60, 62-64, 66-69, 71-79, 87-88,

93, 95, 97-98, 107, 112, 120, 125, 129, 146-47, 151, 159-60, 162-64, 180, 184, 189-91, 200, 212-13, 215-19, 221-27, 230, 234, 240

Schumpeter, Joseph A 49, 93, 105

Schultz, Henry 103

Schwab, John Christopher 99, 135, 151, 174

scientific knowledge 58

Scott, William Amasa 100, 103, 149

Seager, Henry Rogers 97, 104, 107, 130, 155-56, 171, 187, 192, 243

Seckendorff,Veit Ludwig von 14 self-development 205, 208, 240, 245 self-interest 1, 47, 55, 61-62, 70-72, 76, 117, 121, 123, 125-28, 191, 206, 217, 233-34, 241-43, 245

Seligman, Edwin Robert Anderson 50,

94, 104-09, 111-12, 114, 117-18, 120, 123, 126, 132, 156, 159, 170-71, 181-82, 184, 187, 190-91, 200-04, 206, 227

seminar 78-9, 89, 92, 94, 98, 154, 156, 163-64, 169-72, 214

seminaries 7, 142, 148, 154, 160, 164, 169-72

seminary libraries 172

seminary method 7, 142, 158, 168-71 Shaw, Albert 91, 100, 149

Sheffield Scientific School 104, 151 Simkhovitch, Kingsbury Marry 99, 156 Slichter, Sumner H. 102, 105

Small, Albion W 101, 149, 220

Smith, Adam 4, 23, 31, 50, 54-55, 61,

159- 60, 226

Smith College 181, 184

social institution 66, 75, 97, 109 socialism 50, 64, 75, 89-90, 97, 101-02, 110, 113, 125, 128, 130-33,

160- 61, 181, 212, 221-22, 224-26, 240

socialist revolution 128, 130, 132-33 social justice 8, 52, 103, 130, 133, 225 social reform 51, 65, 68, 79, 90-1, 105, 217

social security services and programs 119 social services and programs 120, 130 social sciences 33, 58, 77, 94, 155, 166, 181, 186-88, 215, 220, 228, 235

Society for the Study of National

Economy 182, 205 Sombart, Werner 53-54, 212, 223-24 Sonnenfels, Joseph von 15, 17, 20, 25 Soviet Union 1 spirit of the people 36-37, 62-63, 71 SSNE 182, 205 Stanford University 103, 150 state interference 26, 113, 115-16, 118-19, 121 state intervention 7, 19, 64, 80, 114, 121, 131, 207 state ownership 118, 198, 207 state reform 9, 80, 128-30, 133, 240 state regulation 19, 26, 65, 67-68, 75, 97, 115-17, 130, 132, 208 state revenue 26-28, 32 State Sciences Society 163 statistic research institution 78

Statistical Atlas 165 statistical bureau of Prussia 78-79, 163-64

statistical bureau of the German

Empire 163 statistical bureaus 78, 163-64, 172 statistical data 56, 78 statistical economics 98, 230 statistical library 172 statistical method 54, 79, 164, 167, 229 Statistical office of Berlin 78 statistical research 76, 78, 88, 167 statistical seminary 170 statistician 51-52, 79, 88, 93, 95, 103-04, 151, 164-67, 186

Stein, Lorenz von 50, 101, 229 Strasbourg University 51 Sumner, William Graham 96-97, 104-05,

131, 151-52, 180-81, 83 Swedish-Polish War 11

Taussig, Frank William 93, 101, 108, 111, 113, 115, 120, 132, 146-47, 170-71, 183-84, 190, 192

Taylor, Fred M. 153 Taylor, Henry C. 91, 150, 200, 202 tax 11, 19, 25-8, 68, 75, 100 taxation 17, 27-28, 53, 90-91, 98, 100,

112, 156, 190, 225 territorial chambers 11 Theresian Academy 15 Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus 34-36,

38, 41 Thibaut-Savigny debate 34 Thirty Years War 11-2 Thompson, Robert Ellis 182

Thuringian Statistical Office 163

Tobin, James 230 totalitarianism 224 totalitarian regime 234 trade unions 53, 69, 117, 130, 134 Treaty of Versailles 93 Tugwell, Rexford 105, 193 Turner, Frederick Jackson 91

Tuttle, Herbert 182 tyranny 21, 68, 225, 234, 246

undergraduate 5, 7, 87, 142, 144 unemployment insurance 192 union 53, 68-69, 92, 117, 129-30, 134,

160, 181, 192

United States Tariff Commission 93 universal economic laws 47, 57 universalism 50 universality 34, 38-39, 219 universal will 63 university degree 158

University of Berlin 33-34, 93, 95-96, 144, 146-47, 168, 184, 200

University of California 99

University of Chicago 101, 103, 131, 152-53, 159, 191

University of Chicago Press 191

University of Gottingen

100,151

University of Jena 53

University of Halle 13, 43, 51, 53, 90,

92-93, 97, 99-100, 144, 151, 154, 182, 184-85, 187

University of Heidelberg 31, 89, 91, 94, 170, 184, 187, 221

University of Illinois 92, 98,

134,156

University of Michigan 95, 98-99, 149, 153

University of Minnesota 100

University of Nebraska 131

University of Pennsylvania 91, 93, 97,

100, 153-56, 166, 171, 184, 187

University of Stanford 131, 160

University ofTubingen 188

University ofVienna 15, 214

University ofWisconsin 90, 98, 101-03,

131, 147-50, 153, 193, 199-200, 202, 207

value-free 48

value-free discipline 9, 80

value-free science 8, 70, 193, 213, 228, 232-34, 140

Veblen, Thorstein Bunde 104-05,

152, 123

Verein 99, 180

Verein fur Sozialpolitik 53, 93, 180-83, 222-23, 229

Versailles Peace Conference 93, 103

Wagner, Adolf Gotthilf 5, 53, 60, 63,

68- 70, 74, 87, 89, 93, 95-99, 101,

112, 118, 120, 125, 132, 146, 150-51,

156, 159-62, 164, 180, 184, 191, 198, 122-23, 226, 229

Walker, Francis Amasa 101, 103-04, 115,

117, 130-31, 148, 151-52, 158-59, 165-66, 173, 181, 183-84, 191

Walras, Leon 51, 76, 159, 190

wasteful consumption 42, 199, 204, 209 Warner, Amos G. 100, 150

Wharton School 91, 93, 97, 100,

154-55, 166

Wharton School of Economics 93

Wharton School of Finance and

Economy 100, 154-55

Weber, Max 53-54, 223

welfare economics 193

welfare legislation 52-53, 129 welfare state 41, 52, 80, 97, 122, 129,

134,225

White, Andrew D. 182, 205

Wieser, Friedrich von 50, 159, 214,

229, 235

Wilson, Woodrow 91, 93, 103, 149 Wisconsin Institutionalism 102, 150 Wolff, Christian 14-16, 18, 21, 29-30 Wood, Stuart 91, 146

worker rights 68

working classes 73, 129-30, 182, 225 working condition 69-70, 75, 80, 97,

103, 116, 119, 128, 130, 133-34, 182, 192, 245

working hours 47, 69, 103, 117,

129-30, 134

WWI 1,3, 5-7, 9-10, 43, 48, 85-86, 93,

134, 156, 212-13, 220-221, 226-28,

230, 234, 240

WWII 8, 54, 76, 162, 168, 221-22, 224,

226-28, 230-31, 234, 240

Yale College 104, 151

Yale Graduate School 151, 165

Yale Review 95, 99, 151, 179, 190-91

Yale Review: A Quarterly Journal of

History and Political Science 190

Yale University 95-96, 103, 135, 151, 174 YHS 51-53, 69-70, 72, 80

Young, Allyn Abbott 103, 148, 150,

154,230

Younger Historical School 51

Youngest Historical School 48, 53,

79, 224