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In 1918, when the social-democratic parties of Germany and of the newly founded Austrian state came to power, and for brief periods dominated parliaments and govern­ments of these countries, the idea of “socialization” was the central concept of the eco­nomic policy debate.

Yet Social Democrats in both countries were ill equipped for this task due to their close orientation towards the teachings of Marx and Engels, who had displayed a strong distaste for any “utopian” attempts to devise a blueprint of the type of economy which they expected to succeed capitalism. As a consequence, most concrete proposals for how to proceed with socialization came from non-Marxist socialists or even bourgeois authors (Weissel 1976).

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Source: Faccarello G., Kurz H.D.(eds.). Handbook on the History of Economic Analysis. Volume II: Schools of Thought in Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar,2016. — 498 p. 2016

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